Eye Emergencies Flashcards Preview

Hugh's MD2 Intersession 2 > Eye Emergencies > Flashcards

Flashcards in Eye Emergencies Deck (22)
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1
Q

What are Charles Bonnet illusions?

A

Moths or other complicated illusions that occur in people with existing poor vision

2
Q

Does the retina have collateral supply?

A

No

3
Q

What causes spots and flickers in vision?

A

Separation of vitreous from the retina

  • Occurs normally in life
  • Can follow trauma
4
Q

How does giant cell arteritis present?

A

Headache

Scalp tenderness

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Jaw claudication

4
Q

What causes whizzes and zigzags?

A

Migraine

5
Q

Is the red reflex present in the embolism?

A

Yes

7
Q

How do retinal detachments arise?

A

An existing tear in the retina is infiltrated with vitreous

8
Q

What is the common cause of anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy?

A

Giant cell arteritis

8
Q

Why must spots and flickers be investigated?

A

They can indicate retinal tears

9
Q

What is the commonest cause of central retinal artery occlusion?

A

Atheroma

10
Q

What causes flashes?

A

Vitreous mobility - uniocular

Retinal ischaemia - uniocular

Cortical infarction - binocular (Posterior cerebral artery)

12
Q

Where is the commonest site of embolise?

A

Bification of the common carotid

12
Q

What do you see on the retina with central retinal artery occlusion?

A

Cherry red spot in contrast to opaque retina

13
Q

How do you Ix giant cell arteritis?

A

ESR

CRP

Superficial temporal artery biopsy

15
Q

How does the pupil behaviour with embolism?

A

No direct response

There will be consenual response

16
Q

How does retinal artery embolism present?

A

Sudden loss of vision

Painless

17
Q

What are common causes of transient vision loss?

A

TIA - particularly platelet emboli from the internal carotid

Vitreous haemorrhage

18
Q

Is oxygen therapy effective in embolism?

A

No

19
Q

How long can the retina last without blood supply?

A

A few hours

20
Q

What are the acute management goals in embolism?

A

Sudden lowering of intraocular pressure to cause a transient vasodilation so the embolise is dislodged

21
Q

What is anterior arteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy?

A

Any ischaemia in the posterior circulation of the globe that supplies the optic disc. This results in optic neuropathy (damage to the optic nerve) which causes vision loss associated with optic disc swelling

22
Q
A