F&A II Ch. 6,8, 9,22, 30 Terminologies Flashcards by Joseph Scott

The ability to regulate or direct movement is…

Motor control

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Movement is a function of interactions among the neuromuscular system, environment, cognition, & task is…

Dynamical systems theory

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Automatic, involuntary (nonintentional) movements that together provide stability & mobility during activity is…

Postural mechanisms

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Tonus in the neck, trunk, & limbs is…

Postural Tone

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Continuous state of mild contraction, or state of readiness of a specific muscle is…

Muscle Tone

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Also called flaccidity, a decrease in muscle tone is…

Hypotonicity

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Also called spasticity, an increase in muscle tone is…

Hypertonicity

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Increase in muscle tone in the agonist & antagonist muscles simultaneously is…

Rigidity

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Involuntary, innate motor responses elicited by specific sensory stimuli are…

Primitive reflexes

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The reflex of extending the arms (such as when off balance or falling) is…

Protective extension reaction

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Maintaining or restoring the normal position of the head in space (eyes parallel to the horizon) & its normal relationship with the trunk & limbs are…

Righting reactions

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Maintain & restore balance in all activities are…

Equilibrium reactions

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Multisensory integration organizes input coming from multiple modalities, such as propioception, vision, auditory system, tactile, olfactory, vestibular system, interoception, or taste is…

Sensory Processing

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The ability to control movement at each joint is…

Selective movement

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A model of progressive changes in motor function & behavior during the motor recovery process is recognized in…

Brunnstrom’s stages of motor recovery

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Consists of facilitation (increasing muscle tone) or inhibition (decreasing muscle tone) techniques to normalize muscle tone to engage in typical movement patterns by providing cueing techniques at key points of control is…

Neurodevelopmental treatment (NDT)

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The harmonious interaction of muscles throughout the limb that allows for the production of accurate controlled movement.

Coordination

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Lesions of various nerve systems can result in the…

Occurence of incoordination

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Extent, measured in degrees of a circle, to which movement can occur at a joint is…

Range of motion

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The arc of motion through which the joint passes when moved by an outside force is…

Passive range of motion

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Measuring the maximal contraction of a muscle or muscle group is the…

Manual muscle test

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The muscle’s ability to work for prolonged periods & resist fatigue is…

Muscle endurance

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Detecting muscle activity by placing the fingers over the muscle is…

Palpation

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Over development of muscle is…

Hypertrophy

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Wasting away of the muscle is...

Atrophy

Any force that retards or opposes motion is...

Resistance

Reduction of resistance to muscle power by eliminating the effect of gravity is...

Gravity eliminated

A muscle or muscle group attempting to compensate for the function of a weaker muscle to accomplish the desired movement is...

Substitution

The evaluated maximal strength level for a given ROM from a manual muscle test for a given muscle are represented as...

Muscle grades

Resistance applied distally to joint after completing available ROM to break the muscle contraction is known as the...

Break test

Primary means of learning about the external world.

Sensation

The return of information about the result of a process or activity.

Feedback

The ability to detect temperatures related to hot & cold is...

Thermal

An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

Pain

The sense of smell is conveyed by receptors that lie deep in the nasal cavity.

Olfactory

Taste receptor cells are located in the taste buds of tongue, palate, pharynx, epiglottis, and esophagus.

Gustatory

Unconscious information about joint position and motion that arises from receptors in the muscles, joint, ligaments, and bone is...

Proprioception

The mechanism by which the brain recognizes and interprets sensory information received from the environment is...

Perception

The ability to identify an object through proprioception, cognition, and the sense of touch is...

Stereognosis

The inability to recognize objects by touch is...

Astereognosis

Ability to recognize numbers, letters, or forms written on the skin.

Graphesthesia

The inability to recognize numbers, letters, or figures written on the skin is

Agraphesthesia

An awareness of body parts and the position of the body and its parts in relation to themselves and the environment is...

Body scheme

Diminished awareness and recognition of a body structure or part and cannot determine the body’s part relationship to the rest of his/her body is...

Asomatognosia

Ability to plan and perform purposeful movement.

Praxis

A deficit in the ability to perform purposeful movement despite normal motor power, sensation, coordination, and general comprehension is...

Apraxia

Inability to perform a motor act on command, despite the ability to perform the act automatically.

Ideomotor apraxia

Deficit in the ability to copy, draw, organize, assemble, or construct a design or parts whether on command or spontaneously is...

Constructional apraxia

Inability to plan and perform the motor acts necessary to dress oneself.

Dressing apraxia

Mental process of knowing, including aspects such as awareness, perception, reasoning, and judgement is...

Cognition

Ongoing awareness of the current situation, the environment, and the passage of time is...

Orientation

Active process that allows the individual to focus on the environment information & sensations relevant at a particular time is...

Attention

Cognitive function that allows a person to retain & recall information is...

Memory

Higher-order reasoning & planning functions such as goal formation, planning, implementing the plan, & effective performance is...

Executive functioning

To see relationships among objects, events, or ideas; to discriminate relevant from irrelevant detail; or to recognize absurdities is...

Abstract thinking

Thinking only in a literal manner is...

Concrete thinking

Process that requires attention, memory, planning, organization, & the ability to reason & make judgments is...

Problem solving

The ability to process complex information in order to plan strategies & to evaluate established strategies is...

Reasoning

The act, outcome, or capacity to discern the inward or true nature of a situation, nature of things, or of perceiving in an intuitive manner is...

Insight

The inability to perform simple calculations is...

Dyscalculia

Both the primary senses (tactile, deep pressure, pain, propioception, kinesthesia) & the cortical senses (2 point discrimination, stereognosis) make up...

Somatosensory

Vision, hearing, smell, taste, & balance make up the...

Special sensory systems

Reception of sensory information through the visual receptors is...

Vision

Process by which information from vision receptors is integrated by the brain is...

Visual perception

Interaction between the optical system, which focuses light at the back of the eye on the retina, and the CNS processing, which transforms that light into the visual images seen is...

Visual acuity

The process by which the eye muscles control eye movements is...

Oculomotor control

The space or range within which objects are visible to the immobile eyes at a given time is...

Visual field

Fixating the gaze on an image for as long as required & shifting to other objects as needed is...

Visual attention

Shifting attention from one vision target to another in smooth succession so that the image may be seen clearly no matter how much the eye moves is...

Visual scanning

The ability to identify the important features of objects & the environment & to use these features to distinguish an object from its surroundings is...

Pattern recognition

The ability of the brain to generate an accurate representation of an object via accurate pattern recognition is...

Visual memory

The highest skill & the ability to manipulate visual information mentally, understand the mental image, & integrate it with other sensory information is...

Visual cognition

A gradual, painless loss of vision, as if the person is seeing through plastic wrap describes...

Cataracts

A condition in which the cells of the macula lutea degenerate, resulting in blurred vision and ultimately blindness is...

Macular degeneration

Loss of vision caused by damage to the optic nerve, usually from increase pressure in the eye is...

Glaucoma

Affects both eyes and is caused by dilation and leakage of blood from retinal vessels or the growth of abnormal blood vessels on the retina describes...

Diabetic Retinopathy

A condition in which the cells of the macula lutea degenerate, resulting in blurred vision and ultimately blindness that is age-related is...

Age-related macular degeneration

Visual field loss on the same side of both eyes, while respecting the vertical midline is...

Homonymous hemianopsia

The act of noting & recording something is...

Observation

AROM measurements including extension & flexion | of one body part is...

Total active ROM (TAM)

PROM measurements including extension & flexion of one body part is...

Total passive ROM (TPM)

The collection of water & electrolytes in the tissues is...

Edema

The ability of the hand to function, explore, & interact with the environment depends on...

Sensibility

Sweating, pain, & temperature discrimination represent...

Sympathetic function

A textured elastic wrap that may be used to reduce edema is...

Coban

The employment of short periods of contact with dowel textures, immersion or contact particles, & vibration is...

Sensory desensitization

Tool for progressive resistive exercise that uses a variety of handle shapes attached to rods with suspended weights that is turned against resistance throughout ROM is a...

Weight well

6" wide rubber sheet available by the yard & color coded is known as a...

Theraband

Tendons are kept in a shortened position through splinting or casting is based upon what approach?

Immobilization approach

Extensor tendons held in extension by dynamic, gentle rubber band traction, allowance of finger flexion, thereby passively moving the repaired extensor tendons is known as...

Early passive motion

With exception of a Zone 1 injury, allowance of the to tendon to actively move 3 days after surgery falls within the...

Early active program

Neurapraxia, axonotmesis, & neurotmesis are 3 categories that make up...

Peripheral nerve injuries

Soft tissue shortening around a joint is a...

Contracture

A broken bone is known as a...

Fracture

Painful disorder that occurs in the upper or lower extremity after injury or immobilization is known as...

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Types 1

Injuries or disorders of muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, or spinal disks associated with risk factors at the workplace is known as...

Cumulative trauma disorders (CTDs)

Programs that emphasize a variety of stimuli used in a repetitive manner to bombard the sensory receptors is...

Sensory reeducation

Contusion or bruise of the nerve is...

Neurapraxia

Nerve fibers distal to the site of the injury degenerate, but the internal organization of the nerve remains intact is...

Axonotmesis

Complete laceration of the nerve is...

Neurotmesis

Painful disorder that occurs in the upper or lower extremity due to a diagnosed nerve injury or immobilization is known as...

Complex regional pain syndrome Type 2

CRPS is...

Complex regional pain syndrome

F&A II Ch. 6,8, 9,22, 30 Terminologies Flashcards

(102 cards)