FA Section V Flashcards
(270 cards)
1
Q
The first 5 pieces in the Fine Arts Pentathlon Music Selection are fairly _____________.
A
objective
2
Q
What piece by Vivaldi was inspired by the seasons?
A
“The Four Seasons”
3
Q
Are emotions always joyful?
A
No
4
Q
Who wrote “Winterreise”?
A
Franz Schubert
5
Q
When was “Winterreise” written?
A
1827
6
Q
What does “Winterreise” mean in English?
A
winter journey
7
Q
What is “Winterreise” about?
A
a heartbroken man who wandered the winter countryside
8
Q
Who wrote “The Lonely One in Autumn”?
A
Gustav Mahler
9
Q
What feelings does the song “The Lonely One in Autumn” capture?
A
feelings of isolation as the days grow colder
10
Q
What seasons usually bring joy?
A
spring and summer
11
Q
When did the first attempts to write music begin?
A
the 9th century
12
Q
Who was the instigator of the attempt to write music down?
A
the Catholic Church
13
Q
Why did the Catholic Church want to write music down?
A
because it was hard to keep the chants consistent from place to place
14
Q
How did people remember songs prior to notation?
A
they had to memorize them
15
Q
What does secular mean?
A
non-religious
16
Q
The earliest surviving written music is entirely ____________.
A
sacred
17
Q
The earliest surviving written music is meant to support what?
A
religious services and activities
18
Q
Why did the Catholic Church’s chants only need to have melodies transcribed?
A
because they were monophonic and only had voices
19
Q
The Catholic Church’s chants were __________________.
A
monophonic
20
Q
What is the earliest form of counterpoint?
A
composers of sacred music experimenting with ways for people to sing different melodies simultaneously
21
Q
Early counterpoint is like what in today’s time?
A
sampling, where older works are used in newer pieces
22
Q
How do children learn songs lullabies and other songs?
A
by ear or by rote
23
Q
Were writing materials in the Middle Ages expensive?
A
Yes
24
Q
How is Reading in Reading, England pronounced?
A
“Redding”
25
What is an abbey?
a religious building where Catholic monks or nuns lived
26
"Sumer is icumen in" was preserved in an abbey near where?
Reading, England
27
Is "Sumer is icumen in" secular or non-secular?
secular, since it is non-religious
28
When was "Sumer is icumen in" thought to be made?
the mid-13th century
29
What does "Sumer is icumen in" mean?
Summer has come
30
What was "Sumer is icumen in" preserved in?
a manuscript
31
What is a manuscript?
a handwritten document
32
"Sumer is icumen in" is a celebration of what?
the arrival of summer
33
What is the medieval term for round?
rota
34
Why is "Sumer is icumen in" called Reading Rota?
because of the abbey that preserved the manuscript
35
What is a synonym for round?
canon
36
What is Reading Rota a nickname for?
"Sumer is icumen in"
37
What is Summer Canon a nickname for?
"Sumer is icumen in"
38
How many lines does the staff in the original notation of "Sumer is icumen in" have?
6 lines, different than the 5 we have today
39
How many lines on the staff do modern musical notations have?
5
40
What letter is put on the 4th line of "Sumer is icumen in"?
a capital C
41
What does the capital C on the 4th line of "Sumer is icumen in" tell the singers to do?
read the pitches on that line as C
42
What clef does the notation of "Sumer is icumen in" most likely use?
tenor clef
43
What should singers in "Sumer is icumen in" sing the B's as?
B-flats
44
What are the shapes of the noteheads in "Sumer is icumen in"?
squares and diamonds
45
What language is "Sumer is icumen in" sung in?
Olde English
46
What does "Llude sing cuccu" mean?
loudly sing cuckoo
47
What does "Groweth sed and bloweth med" mean?
The seed grows and the meadow blooms
48
What does "And springth the wode nu" mean?
And the woods spring anew
49
What does "Sing cuccu" mean?
Sing cuckoo
50
What does "Awe bleteth after lomb" mean?
The ewe bleats after lamb
51
What does "Lhouth after calve cu" mean?
The cow lows after her calf
52
What does "Bulluc sterteth, bucke verteth" mean?
The bull jumps, the buck leaps
53
What does "Murie sing cuckoo" mean?
Merrily sing cuckoo
54
What does "Wel singes thu cuccu" mean?
Well sing you cuckoo
55
What does "Ne swik thu naver nu" mean?
Nor stop thou never now
56
How many parts are layered in "Sumer is icumen in"?
4
57
What does the plus sign in "Sumer is icumen in" mean?
it means to start when the previous singer reaches that point
58
In "Sumer is icumen in", the first voice to start singing will be the _______ to stop singing.
first
59
What does "Sumer is icumen in" imitate? (musical style)
polyphony
60
In "Sumer is icumen in", there is a second layer of musical activity called what?
the rondellus
61
When was the rondellus popular?
the Middle Ages
62
What is a rondellus?
a polyphonic genre for 2 or more voices
63
How many motifs does the rondellus in "Sumer is icumen in" have?
2
64
What are the motifs in the rondellus of "Sumer is icumen in"?
a motif and b motif
65
What is the harmony motif in "Sumer is icumen in"?
the b motif
66
What is another term for rondellus?
voice-exchange
67
Is the a or b motif in "Sumer is icumen in" higher pitched?
the b motif (harmony) is higher pitched
68
What is the rondellus in "Sumer is icumen in" labeled as?
pes
69
What does pes mean?
foot or ground
70
The melody for the pes in "Sumer is icumen in" is most likely sampled from what chant?
an older, sacred chant called "Regina caeli laetare"
71
How do the first 5 pitches of "Sumer is icumen in" compare to "Regina caeli laetare"?
they are the same
72
"Sumer is icumen in" uses what medieval writing method?
square notation
73
Why is "Sumer is icumen in" known as square notation?
because of the noteheads, which are squares and diamonds
74
What is the starting pitch of "Regina caeli laetare"?
F
75
How many voices are used in "Sumer is icumen in"?
6
76
What motivated religious monks to create "Sumer is icumen in" when manuscript materials were so costly?
We don't know for sure
77
How old was Armstrong when he was first arrested
9
78
How old was Armstrong when his father abandoned his mother?
an infant
79
Why was Armstrong arrested for the first time?
for being a dangerous and suspicious character
80
After Armstrong was arrested for the first time, where was he sent?
to the Colored Waifs Home in New Orleans
81
After being sent to the Colored Waifs Home, which relative of Armstrong agreed to take him?
his aunt
82
When was Armstrong arrested for the 2nd time?
New Year's Eve in 1912
83
Why was Armstrong arrested for a 2nd time?
for shooting a gun into the air
84
When was Armstrong sent to the Colored Waifs Home for the 2nd time?
1913
85
Who were the proprietors of the Colored Waifs Home when Armstrong was there?
Joseph and Manuela Jones
86
What change had occurred the second time Armstrong went to the Colored Waifs Home?
they hired a new band director, Peter Davis
87
Who was the new band director at the Colored Waifs Home?
Peter Davis
88
What instrument did Peter Davis teach Armstrong?
cornet
89
How long did Armstrong stay at the Colored Waifs Home for the 2nd time?
18 months
90
Louis Armstrong would likely not have been famous without whom?
the Joneses
91
Who took interest in Armstrong in his early days and gave him a cornet?
Joe "King" Oliver
92
What did Oliver persuade Armstrong to do?
move to Chicago and join his band
93
What instrument did Joe "King" Oliver play?
cornet
94
Where was Armstrong's playing first recorded?
Chicago, IL
95
Who did Armstrong marry in 1924?
Lillian Hardin
96
When did Armstrong marry Hardin?
1924
97
What did Hardin play in Oliver's band?
piano
98
How did Hardin help Armstrong improve as a musician?
she taught him music theory and musical notation
99
What did Hardin persuade Armstrong to do?
she persuaded him to pursue a solo career
100
Why was Armstrong called "Satchmo"?
because his mouth was as big as a satchel
101
What work by Armstrong climbed to No. 1 on the 1964 Billboard charts?
"Hello Dolly"
102
What early work by Armstrong was a huge hit?
"Hello Dolly"
103
How old was Armstrong when he recorded "Hello Dolly"?
63
104
Who was the oldest person to reach a No. 1 Billboard ranking?
Louis Armstrong
105
According to Joseph Laredo, people did what to try to imitate Armstrong's gravelly voice?
they would purposefully catch colds
106
Who said people would catch colds in order to try to imitate Armstrong's gravelly singing voice?
Joseph Laredo
107
How were Armstrong's works distributed in Nazi Germany during WWII when they were banned?
people would give them under fake titles
108
What was the Cold War?
Post-WWII tensions between communist and capitalist nations
109
Which countries led the Cold War?
the Soviet Union and the US
110
How did repressive governments see jazz as during the Cold War?
they saw it as deeply threatening
111
Why did repressive governments during the Cold War find jazz threatening?
because of its emphasis on the free expression of the individual
112
How did Armstrong's fans react when he went on his 1955 tour?
they went crazy and he was mobbed everywhere he went
113
Where was Armstrong's 1957 tour sanctioned to?
South America
114
When did Armstrong travel to Africa as an official state ambassador?
1960
115
Why did Bob Thiele use an alias on published copies of "What a Wonderful World"?
because of an industry bias against record producers who make their own compositions
116
What was Thiele's alias for "What a Wonderful World"?
George Douglas
117
How did Thiele choose George Douglas as his screen name for "What a Wonderful World"?
from the first names of 2 of his cousins
118
Was it hard to convince Armstrong to make "What a Wonderful World"?
No
119
What did Armstrong not like about "What a Wonderful World"?
its simple melody
120
Who was Armstrong's 4th wife?
Lucille
121
Where did Armstrong move to after marrying his 4th wife?
Corona, NY
122
When did Armstrong start recording "What a Wonderful World"?
August 16, 1967, at 2 AM
123
Armstrong went to record "What a Wonderful World" after what?
his midnight performance at the Tropicana Hotel
124
Where did Armstrong record "What a Wonderful World"?
United Studios, Las Vegas
125
How much was the minimum union rate for the performers for "What a Wonderful World"?
$250
126
Before recording "What a Wonderful World", Armstrong had recently signed with what record company?
ABC-Paramount Records
127
Who was the head of ABC-Paramount Records when Armstrong was there?
Larry Newton
128
What did Newton think about Armstrong recording "What a Wonderful World"?
he thought he was crazy for not recording an uptempo song like his hit Dolly
129
Who was the only man to throw Armstrong out of a recording studio?
Larry Newton
130
How did they get Newton to stop interfering with the recording of "What a Wonderful World"?
they had to lock him out of the recording studio
131
Who was the publisher of "What a Wonderful World"?
Frank Military
132
What other disruption occurred during "What a Wonderful World"?
the loud noises of nearby trains
133
Who was the music arranger for "What a Wonderful World"?
Artie Butler
134
How did Butler describe the disruptions at the recording of "What a Wonderful World"?
the epitome of Murphy's Law
135
What does Murphy's Law state?
anything that can go wrong will go wrong
136
At what time did they get a recording of "What a Wonderful World" they liked?
6 AM
137
How did Newton get his revenge on "What a Wonderful World"?
he refused to promote it
138
Where did "What a Wonderful World" get really popular?
Britain
139
How long did "What a Wonderful World" stay No.1 on Britain's top music list?
4 weeks
140
Where did "What a Wonderful World" go silver?
England
141
What does it mean for a song to go silver?
it means it sold 500,000 copies
142
Who accepted the award for "What a Wonderful World" on Armstrong's behalf?
Larry Newton
143
Why did Armstrong not accept the award for "What a Wonderful World"?
because he was ill and hospitalized
144
When did Newton agree to promote "What a Wonderful World"?
after "Good Morning, Vietnam" was released using the song
145
When was "Good Morning, Vietnam" released?
1988
146
Who was the director of "Good Morning, Vietnam"?
Barry Levinson
147
What song listed in the Fine Arts Pentathlon Music Selection is used in "Good Morning, Vietnam"?
"What a Wonderful World"
148
When did "What a Wonderful World" reach the Top Forty?
1988
149
When did Armstrong die?
1971
150
When was "What a Wonderful World" added to the Grammy Hall of Fame?
1999
151
What form is "What a Wonderful World"?
32-bar form with A-A-B-A architecture
152
What is a common nickname for the 3rd phrase of a 32-bar form?
bridge
153
The A phase of "What a Wonderful World" is similar to what lullaby?
"Twinkle Twinkle Little Star"
154
What form is "Twinkle Twinkle Little Star" in?
ternary form, with A-B-A
155
What sounds does the background choir in "What a Wonderful World" make?
vowel sounds
156
What meter is "What a Wonderful World" in?
12/8 meter
157
Who made "Global Warming"?
Michael Abels
158
"Global Warming" is an example of _________ __________.
blended cultures
159
How is Abels of mixed heritage?
his mother is white and his father is black
160
Where was Abels born?
Phoenix, Arizona
161
Who adopted Abels soon after he was born?
his grandparents from his mom's side
162
Where did Abel's grandparents take him after they adopted him?
a farm in South Dakota
163
At the age of 4, what instrument was Abels fascinated by?
the piano
164
How old was Abels when he became fascinated by his family's piano?
4
165
How many times was Abels hospitalized due to allergies before he was 6?
2 times
166
Before what age was Abels hospitalized twice due to allergies?
6
167
Why was Abels sent back to Phoenix?
because the desert air would be better for his allergies
168
Who took in Abels after being sent to Phoenix?
his aunt and uncle
169
How old was Abels when he started dabbling in composition?
8
170
Did Abels like his grandparents?
Yes, according to him, they were "great, great people"
171
What important person did Abels befriend in 2nd grade?
Mark Russell Smith
172
What choir did Mark's father conduct?
the Phoenix Boys Choir
173
How old was Abels when he attended a music summer camp?
13
174
Where was the summer music camp Abels went to when he was 13?
Northern Arizona University
175
How old was Abels when he completed his first symphonic work?
13
176
What type of composition was Abels' first symphonic piece?
a piano concerto
177
Where did Abels premiere his first composition?
the summer camp at Northern Arizona University
178
Who was the conductor of Abels' premiere of his first work?
Mark Russell
179
Who was the pianist of Abels' premiere of his first work?
himself, Michael Abels
180
Where did Mark Russell go to college?
Julliard
181
What did Mark Russell study at Julliard?
cello
182
Did Abels want to attend a conservatory?
No
183
What is a conservatory?
a school that focuses exclusively on training in the arts
184
Is Julliard a conservatory?
Yes
185
Why did Abels not want to attend a conservatory?
because he wanted to be around people who weren't just musicians
186
Where did Abels go to college?
USC, University of Southern California
187
How old was Abels when he first visited LA?
9
188
When Abels was at USC, what genre of music was being defined in popular music?
World music
189
During his undergrad years, what did Abels shine at?
composing music
190
What piece earned Abels the Oustanding Senior award?
"Queries"
191
When was "Queries" released?
1984
192
What instruments are used in "Queries"?
2 pianos and 1 prepared piano
193
What is a prepared piano?
a piano with objects inserted within it to alter its timbre
194
What choir did Abels join while at USC?
a church's gospel choir
195
After completing his undergraduate degree at USC, where did Abels attend?
Cal Arts
196
What did Abels study at Cal Arts?
West African Drumming
197
Why did Abels study West African drumming at Cal Arts?
because he wanted to have more experience being around a Black community, as he grew up around white people
198
What was Abels' first job?
he was a music teacher at New Roads
199
Where did Abels teach?
New Roads
200
What type of school is New Roads?
a private school
201
Where is New Roads?
Santa Monica, CA
202
While teaching at New Roads, where did Abels publish his music?
YouTube
203
The videos Abels posted on YouTube caught the eye of which director?
Jordan Peele
204
How did Jordan Peele find out about Abels?
by watching his videos on YouTube
205
When did Peele first call Abels?
2017
206
Why did Peele call Abels in 2017?
because he wanted him to contribute to the soundtrack of his movie, "Get Out"
207
When Peele called Abels in 2017, asking him to contribute to the soundtrack of "Get Out", what did Abels think?
he thought he was being punked
208
How did Abels prove Peele was legit about his offer in 2017?
he got the script for the movie
209
What award did "Get Out" receive?
an Oscar for Best Original Screenplay
210
What famous director told Peele to stick with Abels?
Steven Spielberg
211
Steven Spielberg compared Peele and Abels to whom?
him and John Williams
212
When was "Us" released?
2019
213
When was "Nope" released?
2022
214
Who did Abels co-author "Omar" with?
Rhiannon Giddens
215
What genre is "Omar"?
opera
216
When was "Omar" released?
2022
217
What award did "Omar" receive?
a Pulitzer Prize
218
When did "Omar" get a Pulitzer Prize?
2023
219
What organizations have supported the work of Abels?
National Endowment for the Arts, Meet the Composer, and the Sphinx Organization
220
What is the Sphinx Organization dedicated to?
promoting the work of Black and Latino artists
221
What piece launched Abels' professional career?
"Global Warming"
222
When was "Global Warming" released?
1990
223
What type of orchestral work is "Global Warming"?
an overture
224
What did Abels find in himself as a composer with the piece "Global Warming"?
he found his own voice as a composer
225
How is an overture different than a symphony?
an overture is shorter than a symphony
226
Who commissioned "Global Warming"?
Mark Russell and the Phoenix Symphony Guild
227
What was the Phoenix Symphony Guild later renamed to?
the Phoenix Youth Symphony
228
Who conducted "Global Warming" on its premiere?
Mark Russell
229
When was the premiere of "Global Warming"?
May 7, 1991
230
Was "Global Warming" popular after its release?
Yes, the piece quickly skyrocketed into fame
231
What did the Detroit Symphony Orchestra perform "Global Warming" for?
their 1992 African-American Composers Forum
232
What event did the Chicago Sinfonietta play "Global Warming" for?
their African Heritage Symphonic Series
233
By 2023, "Global Warming" had been performed by more than ________ ensembles.
200
234
After the election of what South African president was "Global Warming" played by the National Symphony of South Africa?
President Nelson Mandela
235
According to Abels, who has been the longest advocate of his music?
Mark Russell Smith
236
What was "Global Warming" inspired by?
the fall of the Berlin Wall, and post Cold War thaw that occurred
237
When did the fall of the Berlin Wall begin?
Nov. 9, 1989
238
What did the fall of the Berlin Wall symbolize?
the collapse of many Communist governments
239
What 2 world leaders ended the Cold War?
US President George H.W. Bush and USSR leader Mikhail Gorbachev
240
When did Gorbachev and Bush reach an agreement on ending the Cold War?
Dec. 3, 1989
241
What is the opening section of "Global Warming" a vision of?
the traditional idea of global warming, with a hot desert
242
What is depicted in the opening section of "Global Warming"?
a scorching hot desert with relentless heat
243
How does the desert portion of "Global Warming" suggest the buzzing of cicadas?
using a guiro
244
How many environments are depicted in "Global Warming"?
3
245
Cadenzas for what instruments occur in "Global Warming"?
violin and cello
246
During the transition into the A-section of "Global Warming", what do the cellos play?
3 grace notes
247
Grace notes are common in ______________ playing.
bagpipe
248
What ethnic music commonly features the bagpipe?
Irish ethnic music
249
What ethnic music is played in the A section of "Global Warming"?
Irish
250
How is the A section of "Global Warming" marked?
lively
251
Western music used a wide array of modes until what era?
the Baroque era
252
Irish music often uses what mode?
Dorian mode
253
What special Irish drum accompanies the A section of "Global Warming"?
the bodhran
254
What is a bodhran?
a single-head Irish drum
255
What is it called when French horn players block the bell of their horn with their fist?
stopped horn
256
How does the stopped-horn technique sound?
nasally and buzzy
257
The full orchestra does not play together in "Global Warming" until how many minutes have passed?
4 minutes
258
When the full orchestra plays together for the first time in "Global Warming", what dynamic is it at?
fortissimo
259
The sudden stop of the orchestra in "Global Warming" except for the tambourine signals what?
the start of the B section
260
In "Global Warming", at the end of the A section, all the instruments stop except for which one?
the tambourine
261
What type of music is played in the B section of "Global Warming"?
Middle Eastern music
262
What is the initial instrument in the B section of "Global Warming"?
the oboe
263
In "Global Warming", what mode is the B section in?
Mixolydian mode
264
The Mixolydian mode is widely used in what music?
Middle Eastern music
265
The shifting accentuations and note placement in the B section of "Global Warming" is called ___________.
hemiola
266
What is hemiola?
grouping notes within measures to change the listener's sense of pulse
267
Has "Global Warming" received positive reviews?
Yes
268
According to Abels, how has the term global warming changed in recent years?
it has become more politically charged
269
What pattern is the Dorian mode in?
U-V-U-U-U-V-U
270
What pattern is the Mixolydian mode in?
U-U-V-U-U-V-U
