FA Section II Flashcards
(200 cards)
1
Q
The subject of land has long been important to ___________ ______________.
A
artistic production
2
Q
In art, what is land the source of?
A
the materials for artistic production
3
Q
When did depictions of land become especially important? (time period)
A
the Modern Era
4
Q
Which artists were the first to paint depictions of natural landscapes?
A
Dutch artists in the 17th century
5
Q
When did Dutch artists start painting pictures of land?
A
the 17th century
6
Q
What did Dutch artists initially use as the subject of their land paintings in the 17th century?
A
lands of the Dutch Republic
7
Q
When did landscape paintings become popular in places like Germany, England, and the US? (time period)
A
the Romantic Era
8
Q
Where did landscape paintings become popular during the Romantic Era?
A
places like Germany, England, and the US
9
Q
Who were some of the earliest painters who experimented with new techniques for depicting their land in the Romantic Era?
A
Caspar David Friedrich, John Constable, and Thomas Cole
10
Q
In the US, early landscape paintings of the West were harnessed to _____________ ______________.
A
Manifest Destiny
11
Q
What was Manifest Destiny?
A
the 19th-century cultural belief that American settlers were destined to take possession of the entire east-to-west expanse
12
Q
What idea was implicit in Manifest Destiny?
A
that the Western US lands were empty of culture and history
13
Q
The artworks in the Fine Arts Pentathlon Resource Guide don’t reject the history of the landscape, but do what?
A
they re-engage it within the framework of political and environmental issues
14
Q
What does picturesque mean?
A
a view worthy of being seen and appreciated
15
Q
What does Indigenous mean?
A
people originate from a certain place
16
Q
What does Native American mean?
A
people who originate from North America
17
Q
When did the term Native American gain popularity?
A
the 1960s and 1970s
18
Q
Why is the term Native American politically charged?
A
because the term America originates from European colonial settlement
19
Q
Where is the term First Nations used?
A
Canada
20
Q
Who does the term First Nations refer to?
A
Indigenous people who originate from Canada and have sovereignty, excludes the Metis and Inuit
21
Q
What 2 groups are not included in First Nations?
A
Metis and Inuit
22
Q
Who does Aboriginal refer to?
A
the first inhabitants of a territory, most commonly used in Canada
23
Q
Where does the term Indian to refer to Native Americans come from?
A
Christopher Colombus’s impression that he landed in South Asia on his voyage
24
Q
Who use the name Allora & Calzadilla?
A
Jennifer Allora and Guillermo Calzadilla
25
When was Allora born?
1974
26
When was Calzadilla born?
1971
27
When did Allora and Calzadilla first meet?
1995
28
Where did Allora and Calzadilla first meet?
Florence, Italy
29
Why were Allora and Calzadilla in Florence in 1995?
they were studying abroad
30
When Allora and Calzadilla met in Florence, they started a ____________ that utilizes various media.
collaboration
31
Where do Allora and Calzadilla live and work today?
San Juan, Puerto Rico
32
Who created "Land Mark (Foot Prints)"?
Allora & Calzadilla
33
"Land Mark" is part of an extended series of artworks about what?
land use on the island of Vieques, Puerto Rico
34
What is a series in art?
a group of artworks made around a specific theme or subject
35
When did the US take possession of Vieques, Puerto Rico? (war)
WWII
36
Why did the US take possession of Vieques, Puerto Rico?
to use as a location to store and test weapons
37
What was the effect of the US taking possession of Vieques Puerto Rico?
the lives of the residents had been disrupted and the environment was harmed
38
As a result of the negative factors of the US taking possession of Vieques, what was started?
a civil disobedience campaign
39
When was the civil disobedience campaign against land use of Vieques started? (decade)
1970s
40
What organization led the civil disobedience campaign against land use of Vieques?
the Vieques Fisherman's Association
41
When were tensions regarding the land use of Vieques heightened?
1999
42
When did Allora & Calzadilla start making artwork to raise awareness of the military occupation of Vieques? (year)
1999
43
What happened on April 19, 1999, in Vieques?
500 pounds of bombs were dropped on security guard David Sanes Rodriguez, killing him and injuring 4 others
44
What did Allora & Calzadilla do as part of a civil disobedience protest for "Land Mark"?
they trespassed on the bombing range on Vieques so a heat sensor would be triggered, stopping all explosions while they were there
45
As part of "Land Mark", what did Allora, Calzadilla, and other protesters wear on their feet?
sandals with printed messages on the bottom in English and Spanish
46
In "Land Mark", why was a picture of Buzz Aldrin on one of the messages?
to criticize the Apollo 11 space missions, saying it was part of expansive colonial activities of the US
47
Why did Allora & Calzadilla disprove of the Apollo space missions done by the US?
they claimed the missions were part of expansive colonial activities by the US
48
What is the phrase "Land Mark" intended to be?
a play on words
49
How is "Land Mark" a play on words?
it describes the activity of marking the land, and when put together (landmark), it means a prominent feature of an area
50
Why did Allora & Calzadilla choose to imprint messages in the sand for "Land Mark"?
because it transmitted the intended message and wasn't permanent or environmentally harming
51
What did the US do in response to continuous protests in Vieques?
they began to close the site in 2001
52
When did the US completely leave Vieques?
2003
53
Did Allora & Calzadilla stop their engagement with Vieques after the US left in 2003?
No, they continue to make artwork and messages about the site
54
What are the questions about "Land Mark" that are listed in the resource guide?
1. How is land differentiated from other land by the way it is marked?
2. Who decides what is worth preserving and what should be destroyed?
3. What are the strategies for reclaiming marked land?
4. How does one articulate an ethics and politics of land use?
55
When was Kent Monkman born?
1965
56
Kent Monkman identifies as a _______ artist.
Cree
57
What organization is Monkman a member of?
Fisher River Cree Nation
58
What types of art does Monkman create?
painting, film, video, performance, and installation
59
What do Monkman's artworks address?
histories of colonization and Indigenous culture
60
What does "The Fourth World" do?
it appropriates the artwork of others and blurs time periods of cultural encounters
61
What is appropration?
an artistic technique where one artist uses the form of another artwork to give it new meaning
62
When did the term appropriation begin to be commonly used? (decade)
1980s
63
What 2 traditions are cited in "The Fourth World"?
19th-century American Romantic landscape painting and 20th-century site-specific sculpture
64
How are the people in "The Fourth World"? (description)
they are 3 blonde-haired men, 2 on horseback
65
Where is "The Fourth World" set?
Yosemite Falls
66
What other painting is the waterfall in "The Fourth World" based on?
"Cho-looke, the Yosemite Fall"
67
Who made "Cho-looke"?
Albert Bierstadt
68
When was "Cho-looke" made?
1864
69
Bierstadt was part of an influential group of Americans who did what?
traveled throughout the Western US in the late 1800s while painting dramatic vistas of mountains and waterfalls
70
How did paintings like "Cho-looke" play a role in Congress?
it influenced Congress to protect the lands depicted by creating national parks for them
71
What did the creating of national parks, like Yosemite, cause?
the California Genocide
72
What was the California Genocide?
the killing or brutal displacement of Indigenous people to force them off their lands and make national parks
73
What happened to the Indigenous people in the California Genocide?
they were either directly killed or were worked to death
74
When did the California Genocide occur?
the 19th century
75
What are the men in "The Fourth World" doing?
they are playing Indian
76
What does "playing Indian" mean?
it is where people perform their appropriation of Indigenous culture for personal enjoyment
77
What are the men in "The Fourth World" wearing?
camouflage pants with no shirt
78
Who introduced the horse to North America?
European colonists
79
When was the horse introduced to North America by European colonists? (century)
16th century
80
What other painting are the copper walls from "The Fourth World" based on?
"Clara-Clara"
81
When was "Clara-Clara" made?
1983
82
Who made "Clara-Clara"?
American artist Richard Serra
83
What are the copper walls in "Clara-Clara" made of?
rusted corten steel
84
Who made "Tilted Arc"?
Richard Serra
85
Where was "Tilted Arc" originally installed?
lower Manhatten
86
When was "Tilted Arc" originally installed?
1981
87
What did "Tilted Arc" cause?
controversy among a small number of federal white-collar workers
88
When was "Tilted Arc" removed from its original location?
1989
89
When "Tilted Arc" was removed from its original site, what did Serra say about it?
he said his work had been destroyed
90
How does Monkman deploy "Clara-Clara" in "The Fourth World"?
he deploys it as a buffalo jump
91
What does the presence of "Clara-Clara" in "The Fourth World" allude to?
the mass killing of bison that occurred in the 19th century in the US
92
According to Monkman: "The more I looked at are of the nineteenth century going backwards in time, the more I realized that those paintings were a _____________."
manifesto
93
What did Monkman say the paintings of the 19th century are manifestos of?
colonization
94
When was "The Fourth World" made?
2012
95
Who made "Battle for the Woodlands"?
Bonnie Devine
96
When was "Battle for the Woodlands" made? (2 years)
2014-2015
97
When was Devine born?
1952
98
What Indigenous group is Devine part of?
the Serpent River First Nation of Northern Ontario
99
Who made "Reclamation Project"?
Bonnie Devine
100
What was "Reclamation Project"?
a strip of sod that was draped across different landscapes in Southern Ontario
101
What did Devine make "Reclamation Project" in response to?
the Ipperwash Crisis
102
What ethnic group is Devine?
Anishinaabe/Ojibwa
103
Who made "Canoe"?
Bonnie Devine
104
When was "Canoe" made?
2003
105
What did Devine do for "Canoe"?
she stitched together hundreds of papers from her MFA thesis to form a canoe
106
How big was the canoe in "Canoe"?
16 feet
107
How did Devine display "Canoe"?
she suspended it from the ceiling
108
What larger installation is "Canoe" part of?
"Stories from the Shield"
109
The pages from Devine's MFA thesis used in "Canoe" include descriptions of what?
traditional canoe technology
110
What type of installation is "Battle for the Woodlands"?
multimedia installation
111
Devine created "Battle for the Woodlands" for it to be displayed where?
in its own room in the Art Gallery of Ontario
112
In "Battle for the Woodlands", what does Devine depict?
the entire aquatic system of the 5 Great Lakes as 5 animals
113
What animals in "Battle for the Woodlands" represent the aquatic system of the 5 Great Lakes?
buffalo, otter, turtle, rabbit, and leviathan
114
What are the animals in "Battle for the Woodlands" painted in?
red oxide
115
The map in "Battle for the Woodlands" represents land using what titles?
proper names that designate ownership of lands
116
What ethnic group is Will Wilson?
he is Dine or Navajo
117
Where did Wilson spend the formative years of his life?
the Dinetah
118
What is the Dinetah?
the traditional homeland of the Navajo people
119
What is the Dinetah called under US law?
the Navajo Nation
120
What did Wilson study in college?
photography, sculpture, and art history
121
Who made "Church Rock Spill Evaporation Ponds"?
Will Wilson
122
When was "Church Rock Spill Evaporation Ponds" shot?
2019
123
Where was "Church Rock Spill Evaporation Ponds" shot?
Church Rock, New Mexico
124
"Church Rock Spill Evaporation Ponds" is part of what series?
"Survey"
125
What does Wilson do in "Survey"?
he documents contaminated lands on the Dinetah
126
What did the US do in the Navajo Nation from the 1940s to the 1980s?
they extracted 4 million tons of uranium ore from the lands of the Navajo Nation
127
"Church Rock Spill Evaporation Ponds" is what view?
aerial view
128
What does aerial view mean?
an image shot from above
129
What is depicted in "Church Rock Spill"?
2 ponds, previously used to evaporate water, contaminated with tailings
130
What are the ponds in "Church Rock Spill" contaminated with?
tailings
131
What are tailings?
radioactive waste from uranium mining that has heavy metals and radium
132
What do tailings contain?
heavy metals and radium
133
When was the dam at Church Rock breached?
July 16, 1979
134
What did the dam at Church Rock hold?
water contaminated with radioactive waste
135
What happened when the dam at Church Rock was breached?
93 million gallons of water entered the Puerco River
136
What is the largest radioactive spill in US history?
the spill at Church Rock
137
About how many abandoned mines are located in the Navajo Nation?
over 500
138
The Church Rock spill occurred less than ___ months after Three Mile Island in PA.
4
139
How did the Church Rock spill compare to the Three Mile Island incident?
it was much larger and was reported much less
140
Why were sites like Church Rock in desert regions of the US selected for toxic activities?
because they thought they were not very populated
141
Who made "Under Discussion"?
Allora & Calzadilla
142
When did Allora & Calzadilla make "Under Discussion"?
2005
143
What does "Under Discussion" consist of?
a 6-minute video where a fisherman drives an upside-down turntable with a motor attached
144
What about the name "Under Discussion" were Allora & Calzadilla interested in?
it is able to be used as a metaphor to open discussion, but when turned upside down, it symbolizes disruption and disfunction
145
What does the table in "Under Discussion" symbolize?
disfunction and disruption
146
What does the word Fourth World refer to?
cultures that are without their own sovereignty because they are forced to exist within another political nation
147
What is the problem at the heart of "The Fourth World"?
cultures being forced to exist within another political nation
148
Which Indigenous group lived on the land depicted in "The Fourth World"?
the Miwok
149
Were the Miwok people depicted in "The Fourth World"?
No, even though they used to live there
150
What movement is Richard Serra associated with?
the Postminimalism movement
151
When was the Postminimalism movement? (decade)
the late 1960s
152
What country's government initiated the 1850 Robinson Huron Treaty?
the Canadian government
153
What was the 1850 Robinson Huron Treaty?
| When was this mentioned... - Andrew
## Footnote
The end of Battle for the Woodlands
a motion by the Canadian government to control Lake Huron, mainly to develop the mining industry
154
What was the Canadian government trying to do with the 1850 Robinson Huron Treaty?
they were trying to develop the mining industry
155
What lake was included in the 1850 Robinson Huron Treaty?
Lake Huron
156
What are Anishinaabe women known for?
their skillful beadwork and textile ornamentation
157
How far away could radiation caused by the Church Rock spill be detected?
50 miles downstream, in Sanders, AZ
158
Who made "North American Indian"?
Edward S. Curtis
159
When did Edward Curtis make "North American Indian"?
1907 to 1930
160
What was Wilson's artistic response to Curtis's "North American Indian"?
he created his own portraits using traditional techniques of wet plate collodion photographs
161
What does the wet plate collodion use?
a glass-plate negative
162
How are the photos produced by a glass-plate negative?
very high in detail and quality
163
How big is the glass-plate negative produced by the wet collodion technique?
8 by 10 inches
164
What do Wilson's portraits seek to do?
humanize people who have been
dehumanized historically on the basis of race and culture
165
How long is "Under Discussion"? (video)
6 minutes
166
What did Native Americans use to help kill bison?
natural land formations, like cliffs
167
What does the presence of Clara-Clara in Monkman's "Fourth World" evoke?
the impending slaughter, alluding to the mass-killing of bison that took place in the 19th century
168
In the map of Vieques, what were the 2 large Xs over?
an ammunition storage area on the West and over the bombing range on the East
169
What city is the Lisson Gallery in?
NYC
170
What state is Sierra Nevada in?
California
171
What was Clara-Clara made for?
the Beaubourg area of Paris
172
Where was Clara-Clara moved to?
Paris's Tuileries Garden for the exhibition Monumenta
173
When was the exhibition Monumenta in Paris's Tuileries Garden?
2008
174
What does "The Fourth World" invoke?
George Caitlin's earlier paintings in the 19th century around native americans
175
What was the Ipperwash Crisis?
an Ontario Provincial police action against an Indigenous protest at Camp Ipperwash
176
Where is Camp Ipperwash?
| Difficulty: Hard
Kettle and Stony Point First Nation
177
When was the Ipperwash Crisis?
September 1995
178
Who died in the Ipperwash Crisis?
Dudley George, an Anishinaabe protester
179
How did Dudley George die?
he was shot and killed by the police during the Ipperwash Crisis
180
How long did Devine install the rolls of sod for the "Reclamation Project"?
10 minutes
181
How many rolls of sod did Devine install in "Reclamation Project"?
6
182
Where was the first site in "Reclamation Project"?
a gravel road that adjoins 2 fields in the Lynde Shores Conservation Area
183
In "Reclamation Project", what was the fleetingness of the sod's placement meant to highlight?
the difference in timescales of colonial land claims in Ontario and Devine's reclamation of these lands
184
"Reclamation Project" didn't seek the status of being permanent, but resists what notion?
that sites should or can be possessed
185
What was the video in "Stories from the Shield" about?
the negative effects of uranium mining on the Serpent River First Nation, discussed by her family members
186
For "Stories of the Shield", what did Devine wrap herself in?
silk threads
187
All of Devine's interests can be followed through to which of her more recent exhibitions?
"Battle for the Woodlands"
188
In "Battle for the Woodlands", what are the freestanding sculptures made from?
maple and willow trees, which are decorated with moose and buffalo hides
189
When is the map in "Battle for the Woodlands" from? (century)
19th century
190
What is the map in "Battle for the Woodlands" of?
the border region between Upper Canada, Lower Canada, and the US
191
What does the map in "Battle for the Woodlands" show clashes between?
British, American, and Indigenous peoples
192
What did Devine do to place borderlines on the map in "Battle for the Woodlands"?
she placed beads along these borderlines, which were once established and broken by treaties
193
What did Devine picture the map in "Battle for the Woodlands" as?
spriting being
194
Devine felt that no map of the Eastern Woodlands of North America should exclude what?
its numinous and monumental heart, the life-giving waters of her home
195
In "Battle for the Woodlands", what are all the animals doing?
they are fleeing to the west
196
In all of Devine's works, what has been her primary desire?
to examine and articulate the delicate, yet elemental, relationship of land to consciousness
197
What did art history Mark Cheetham say about the map in "Battle for the Woodlands"?
he liked that it acknowledged the Indegenous people who continue to experience displacement
198
What part of the government acknowledged the hazards that still linger in the Navajo Nation caused by the Church Rock Spill?
the US Government Accountability Office
199
When did the US Government Accountability Office acknowledge the Navajo Nation's hazardous conditions?
2014
200
What do Native Americans in Curtis's photos remain as?
frozen in time, and have a broad perception of identity
