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MEH SCI 2.0 Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

Environmental science

A

the study of the impacts that human activities have on the environment

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2
Q

What is required to study climate change

A

an interdisciplinary approach

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3
Q

What is environmental science composed of

A

Biology, Earth and atmospheric sciences, fundamental principles of chemistry and physics, human population dynamics, natural resources

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4
Q

What are large scale actions that impact environmental systems

A

clearing land for agriculture, fishing the oceans for food, mining the land for minerals and fuels, and changing our planet’s climate through emission of decades worth of greenhouse gases.

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5
Q

What are some small scale actions that impact environment systems

A

driving a car to the store, turning on your lights, and choosing whether to use plastic, paper, or reusable containers

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6
Q

Environment

A

the sum total of all living and nonliving factors that surround an organism

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7
Q

local environment

A

the sum total of all things immediately surrounding the person

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8
Q

Scale of an environment

A

small as a pond and large as a mountain range or ocean

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9
Q

What is the sum total of aspected of earth called

A

the global environment

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10
Q

Is the global environment complicated

A

YEs

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11
Q

What discipline is environmental science

A

a science based discipline

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12
Q

What does it mean to be a science based discipline

A

It means that you are following the scientific method

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13
Q

What are the step for the scientific method

A

observations, hypothesis testing,
field and laboratory research, and other practices

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14
Q

System

A

set of living and or nonliving components connected in such a way that changes in one part of the system affects other parts

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15
Q

Can systems be isolated and studied sperately

A

usually yes

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16
Q

What are some examples of a system

A

Earth, ant colony, lake ecosystem, and a farm

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17
Q

What might we use to determine if a person is healthy

A

body temp, heart rate, respiration rate, and blood pressure

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18
Q

What does is mean if something is amiss with one of these indicators

A

the person is not completely heathy

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19
Q

Environment indicator

A

measure that reflects the environmental health of a system

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20
Q

Is there a single indicator for the entire world

A

no there is not

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21
Q

True or false the same environmental
indicator can tell a very different story depending on
when or where the measurement is taken.

A

True

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22
Q

biological diversity

A

diversity of
genes, species, habitats, and ecosystems on Earth.

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23
Q

diversity of
genes, species, habitats, and ecosystems on Earth can help us do what

A

measure the
biological status of the planet

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24
Q

species

A

a group of organisms that is distinct from other groups
in morphology (body type), physiology, or biochemical
properties

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25
How many species known are on Earth
1.8 million
26
Actual Number of species on Earth
Highly debated but thought to be 10 times higher than known species
27
How many of the species that have lived on Earth are extinct
99.9%
28
Background extinction rate
2 mammals per 10,000 species extinct per 100 years
29
By much have humans increased the extinction rate
by over 100 times
30
How many species are going extinct
Up to 40,000 per year
31
The amount of species is declining at a rate to rival what
mass extinction events
32
What is an example of an mass extinction event
The extinction of the dinosaurs
33
What are endangered species
species that are in danger of going extinct
34
Examples of endangered species
Bengal tiger, snow leopard, and west indian manatee
35
Keystone species
a species of particular importance in that ecosystem
36
What can the extinction of a keystone species cause
a cascade of other extinctions
37
If we use species diversity as an indicator of environmental quality what we must conclude
the situation is getting worse and is not sustainable.
38
UN
United Nations
39
According to the UN when did the world population reach 8 billion
November of 2022
40
How many infants are born a day
roughly 378,000
41
How many people die a day
roughly 148,000
42
How does the number of inhabitant on earth change every day
about 230,000 more inhabitants are born
43
How long does it take for the population of the earth to grow a million people
Four days
44
When did the world's population stop undergoing exponential growth
1960s
45
For how long will world population growth continue
for 50 to 100 years
46
What does the UN predict about the population
that the population will level off at around 8 to 12 billion people in 2150
47
What is a big question about the world population and its growth
Can the Earth sustain so many people
48
What provides half of the calories eaten worldwide
food grains
49
what are food grains
foods such as wheat, corn, and rice
50
What is a increase and decrease in the human grain production
an environmental indicator
51
Intensity
much food is grown per hectare or acre of land
52
yield
tons of grain per area of land
53
Sustainable use
present day consumption of resources allows an adequate supply to remain for future generations
54
Is there a way to determine sustainability
no
55
What is a clear indication that something is not sustainable
a rapid depletion of that resource
56
The larger the population
the more resources they will take
57
Is lead a metal
yes
58
What is lead's chemical symbol
Pb
59
Why is lead useful
because it is soft, malleable, and resists corrosion
60
Malleable
It can be shaped with just a hammer
61
What does lead impair
the human central nervous system function
62
In which people's central nervous system impact the most
developing brains (babies and children)
63
The amount of lead where is an indicator of pollution
in the atmosphere, water, soils, and plants and animals
64
What is an indirect indicator of the amount of harm that humans have caused
the amount of lead in the environment
65
What has happened to the production of lead from 5,000 years ago to fairly recently
it has been increasing
66
What caused a greater increase of lead in the atmosphere
the changes in refinement techniques due to the industrial revolution
67
What fossil fuels contain lead
Coal and oil
68
How much lead do coal and oil contain
a small amount of lead
69
what happens when coal and oil are burned
the small of lead the contain gets released in the atmosphere
70
Lead was added to what
gasoline
71
Why was lead added to gasoline
because it improved the performance of the engine
72
As automobiles became more popular around the world what happened
Use of lead increased along with it (due to leaded gasoline)
73
Leaded gasoline
gasoline with lead added to it
74
Where was most of the lead emission from the 20th century coming from
it was coming from leaded gasoline
75
What was required at the beginning of 1975 and onwards
that new cars sold were required to use unleaded gasoline
76
Is there still lead being emitted into the atmosphere
yes
77
Did the stopping of leaded gasoline reduce lead emissions
Yes, it was greatly reduced
78
Is there alot of lead in paint
yes
79
Houses built before which decade had what concentration of lead
1960, 50% lead
80
Why is lead paint so dangerous
It can add to the indoor concentration of lead and if the peeling paint is ingested by a toddler they could face the repercussions.
81
What is a major source of lead contamination today
Drinking water, specifically from lead pipes
82
Where is lead plumbing still prevalent
lower income communities
83
Scientific method
an objective way to explore the natural world
84
Should an experiments conduction by first year college students have the same principles as a large multimillion dollar experiment
yes
85
What are the major steps of the scientific process
Observe, generate a hypothesis, make a preliminary decision if the hypothesis is true or not, test the hypothesis, revise the hypothesis, report findings to others, and replicate the experiment
86
Observational experiment
conduction by observing phenomena in the natural world without interfering
87
Manipulation experiment
conduction by changing an aspect of an experiment in a controlled environment
88
What is important in a manipulation experiment
to have a control group that you don't change anything in
89
Why is sample size important
to make sure that your information represents an entire population
90
Hectare to Acres
1 hectare = 2.47 Acres
91
What does the statement, A butterfly stirring the air in Beijing can affect weather patterns in New York a month later, show
the interconnectedness of systems on Earth
92
What is the study of the environment
it is the study of systems
93
How are systems define in practice
by the person looking at them
94
What one thing that Environmental systems involve whether small or large
the exchange of matter or energy
95
What are some of the most important materials involved in environmental systems
water, fuels, chemicals, and gases
96
What is the ultimate energy source for an ecosystem
the sun
97
Open system
where the exchange of matter or energy between it and other systems occurs.
98
Closed system
where the exchange of matter or energy between it and other systems doesn't occur
99
What is the system of Earth in respect to energy
open
100
What is the system of Earth in respect to mass
closed
101
What does a system analysis do
it determines what goes, what comes out, and what has changed within a given system
102
What other type of analysis is a system analysis similar to
The type of analysis you might perform on your checking account
103
Maximum amount of organisms that can be supported by an environment
carrying capacity
104
What is an example of staying in steady state
the water that enter the atmosphere roughly equal to the water that leaves the atmosphere

The RC Rizz (50 decks)

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