Meh FA Flashcards
(279 cards)
1
Q
When we think of music and art do we make an immediate connection to the environment
A
No
2
Q
Is the role of music and art in our lives important
A
Yes very important
3
Q
What do Visual, instrumental and vocal compositions do
A
Address features of the globe and have served various purposes
4
Q
True or False: music and art help us enjoy our
planet, but they also warns us of our need to protect
that biosphere
A
True
5
Q
How long has visual art been a means for humans to interpret their natural environment
A
Thousands of years
6
Q
What do Prehistorical cave paintings predominately feature
A
Animals
7
Q
How long ago were prehistoric caves paintings made
A
tens of thousands of years ago
8
Q
Roman mural paintings from when featured cultivated gardens
A
first century BCE
9
Q
What have Chinese ink paints presented
A
towering mountains and forests
10
Q
How long have Chinese ink painting’s showed this
A
2 millennia
11
Q
European modern landscape painting date
A
1700s
12
Q
What happened as landscape paintings became more popular
A
they gained their own genre
13
Q
When was the historical period of the modern environmental movement
A
1960s and 1970s
14
Q
What do we broadly call the emergence of a new relationship between visual
art and the environment
A
Eco art/ ecological art
15
Q
Contemporary Eco Art
A
Aims to make positive change by addressing issue of clime and ecology
16
Q
Music
A
Sound organized in time
17
Q
What can be used to create music
A
noises and tones produced by any means
18
Q
What is required for music
A
time frame, sound waves, and a cognizant mind to perceive and interpret those sounds
19
Q
What Common but not required factors of music
A
composer, mechanical or human performers, and mechanical way of reproducing them
20
Q
How do the composition and performance of a piece happen simultaneously
A
Often improvisation sometimes via electronic composition
21
Q
Is a degree of human intention and perception necessary for music
A
Yes
22
Q
Have scientists defined “some degree of human perception “ yet
A
No
23
Q
Sound
A
wave of energy
24
Q
What does sound have as a wave
A
amplitude and frequency
25
Amplitude
loudness
26
Pitch
highness or lowness of a sound
27
normal human ear hears
it as a single, sustained tone when ...
the frequency of a wave is between 20 and 20000 cycles per second
28
What is a pure sine wave at 440 hz sound like
A over middle C
29
What do orchestral musicians in the united States tune their instruments to
A-440 and A over middle C
30
What type of wave pattern from dropping a book on the floor
irregular and short
31
Does the sound of a book dropping a discernable pitch
No
32
What are the two types of musical sound
pitched and non-pitched
33
Ethomusicologist
scholars who study the music of other cultures/ multiple cultures comparatively
34
Curt Sachs and Erich von Hornbostel
two ethnomusicologists who categorized instruments into four groups
35
Groups of the Sachs-Hornbostel classification
Chordophones, Aerophones, Membranophones, idiophones, and later electrophones
36
How many categories were in the Sachs-Hornbostel classification
4 later 5
37
Chordophones
One or more strings that are plucked, bowed, or struck
38
Aerophones
instruments that use vibrating column of air to create sound
39
Membranophones
Skin or other membrane stretched across some frame that vibrates when struck.
40
Idiophones
body of the instrument itself vibrates and creates sound
41
Electrophones
An instrument that relies on a oscillator and electricity to make sound
42
What were instruments classified into before Sachs and Hornbostel
Families
43
Strings
instruments that are bowed or plucked
44
Brass instruments
made of metal, buzzling lips of the performer make the air vibrate
45
Woodwind
Column of air is moved with breath alone using one or two vibrating reeds.
46
Percussion
includes membranophones and idiophones and some chordophones that are struck
47
What happens in some cases with keyboard instruments
They constitute a fifth category/family
48
When did the first electronic instruments appear
First decades of the twentieth century
49
What was one of the most well known
early electronic instruments
The theremin
50
Is the theremin used today
Yes, it is used occasionally
51
How do you play the theremin
By disrupting the electrical fields that surround the protruding bars. This also lets you control amplitude with one hand and frequency with another.
52
What was the "next crucial step in electronic instruments"
Advance made in electronics and radio technology at the end of WWII
53
Why were advances in electronics and radio technology made
for wartime purposes
54
After the war were state-of-the-art studios needed for wartime purposes
No, not really
55
True or False Scientist and Composers collaborated to make music with new equipment (after the end of WWII)
True
56
What sounds were recorded and put on tape
Electronically generated sounds and sounds produced by live instruments
57
What could be done to sounds recorded on tape
They could be edited, manipulated, and mechanically recombined to form collages of sound
58
How were collages of sound performed
Via loud speaker
59
What is musique concréte
A type of composition where sound were recorded on tape then edited, manipulated, and mechanically recombined to form collages of sound
60
Why is musique concréte a French term
Because its first practitioners were in France
61
What are the basic techniques of tape music
looping and splicing
62
What do looping and splicing permit
Compositions that cannot be reproduced by a human performer
63
What were the major cities for electronic music after the war
Rome, Paris, Cologne, and New York City
64
What does a single isolated sound have
pitch, duration, timbre, and volume
65
What is a musicians refer to when they speak of "a pitch"
A single tone whose highness or lowness will not change
66
Frequency of a Guitar A string
A-110
67
What happens if you press on the exact midpoint of the guitar A string
The frequency doubles (A-220)
68
What happens when you halve the length of a string
it vibrates twice as fast
69
Musical term for distance between A and the next higher or next lower A
Octave
70
What provides an "excellent visual aid for understanding pitch and harmony"
A piano keyboard
71
Where are high sounding pitches on a piano
On the right side
72
Where are low sounding pitches on the piano
On the left side
73
What is moving left to right on a keyboard called
moving up the keyboard
74
What is moving right to left on a keyboard called
moving down the keyboard
75
What is middle C on a keyboard
Roughly equidistant from either end
76
How are the black keys arranged
in alternating groups of two and three
77
Where is middle C located
to the left of the group of two black keys closest to the middle of the keyboard
78
What is the distance between any two adjacent keys called
A semitone/half step
79
Whole step
The distance between every other key (whether black or white)
80
What are the basic intervals of a scale
Half steps and whole steps
81
Scale
Sequence of pitches in ascending or descending order
82
What are the white keys usually called
the natural keys
83
What is the musical alphabet
A, B, C, D, E, F, G (Then repeat)
84
What is ♮
the symbol that represents a natural note
85
What is ♯
the symbol that represents a sharp note
86
What is ♭
the symbol that represents a flat note
87
What does a sharp note mean
It indicates that the given pitch has been raised by a half step/ semitone
88
What does a natural note mean
It indicates that the given pitch has been lowered by a half step/ semitone
89
What is the note to the right of A on the keyboard
A♯
90
What are A♯ and B♭
The same note
91
Why is A♯ and B♭ the same note
Because they are both one half step higher than A and one half step lower than B
92
Interval
Distance between any two pitches
93
What is the smallest interval usually used in Western music
half step/ semitone
94
Melody
Series of successive pitches perceived by the ear to form a coherent whole
95
How many pitches occur at a time for a melody
One
96
What happens if two pitches occur together
it is either harmony or counterpoint
97
Rhythm
the way music is organized in time
98
Beat
steady pulse that underlies most music
99
Is the beat audible
sometimes the beat is audible
100
Tempo
the speed of the beat
101
Can the beat slow or pause
yes
102
What do traditional Italian names for tempo indicate
Mood or other expressive qualities related to tempo
103
Presto
very fast
104
Allegro
fast
105
Moderato
moderate
106
Adante
at a walking tempo
107
Adagio
slow
108
Lento or Grave
very slow
109
Ritardando
Tempo slowing down
110
Accelerando
Tempo speeding up
111
Poco apoco
gradually
112
Subito
Suddenly
113
Unmetered
when there is no steady tempo/ discernable beat
114
Rubato
Speeds up and slows down for expressive effect
115
Are all beats of equal importance
no
116
What are beats grouped into normally
measure or informally bars
117
What are measures separated by
bar lines
118
Which beat of the measure is usually the strongest
the first beat
119
What is the first beat customarily called
downbeat or the strong beat
120
Meter
the pattern of emphasis superimposed on groups of beats
121
Types of meters
duple, triple, quadruple, or irregular
122
Duple meter
music with groups of two beats (STRONG-weak-STRONG-weak,etc)
123
STRONG-weak-weak-STRONG-weak-weak, etc.
triple meter
124
What decides how long a note lasts
a variety of symbols
125
What is the name of the oval note
A whole note
126
How long do you hold a whole note
4 beats
127
What is a whole note
the longest symbol used today
128
What does adding a stem to a note do
it halves its value
129
What is a whole note plus a stem
a half note
130
How long do you hold a half note
2 beats
131
What is a black oval head plus a stem
a quarter note
132
How long do you hold a quarter note
1 beat
133
What happens when you add a flag to a quarter note
it becomes an eighth note
134
How long is an eighth note
it is 1/2 of a beat
135
What is another name for a flag
a beam
136
What does a dot do
it add half of the value of the note to the note
137
How long is a dotted half note
3 beats
138
What is a tie
it is a curved line that connects two notes with the same pitch together
139
What does a tie do
It add the note values of two notes with the same pitch
140
Rests
symbols for silence
141
Harmony
when two or more tones are sounding simultaneously
142
Chord
three or more pitches sounding simultaneously
143
Do the most common and useful chords employ adjacent pitches
no
144
Key
the world of pitch relationships within which a piece or substantial section of music takes place
145
What is the key of a piece
a set of seven notes/ a scale that has been selected for that piece
146
Tonic pitch
the gravitational center of the scale
147
What does a tonic pitch lend to the key
Its name
148
Does every chord have the same relationship with their tonic pitch
no
149
What are key unless otherwise specified
major keys
150
Chromatic pitches
decorative or expressive pitches that aren't structural
151
Form
how music is organized on a larger time scale
152
What is form
the architecture of music
153
In terms of form Motive(motif)
the smallest unit of form
154
Motive (motif)
smallest identifiable recurring musical idea
155
What does a motive have
A distinct melodic and rhythmic profile
156
Ostinato
A melodic or rhythmic motive that is repeated many, many times
157
Phrase
A cohesive musical thought
158
Theme
set of phrases that make a complete melody
159
What does a theme play a prominent role in
A longer piece of music
160
Indroduction
the music that precedes the first main theme of the piece
161
What is a common style of introduction in popular songs
Have an instrumental introduction precedes the singing
162
What do many popular song end with
a coda
163
What does coda mean in Italian
tail
164
What does a Coda sound like
It sounds conclusive
165
What is disregarded when analyzing a piece of music
The coda and the introduction because they are considered the outer frame of the piece
166
Does music follow a pattern
Yes
167
What is the pattern music follows
Balance, proportion, drama, climax and denouement
168
What are the most basic formal processes in music
Repetition, contrast, and variation
169
What must the listener have done to recognize repetition, contrast, and variation
remembered what they have listened to before
170
Does music memory always happen at a conscious level
No it often times happens a subconscious level too
171
Why might a phrase sound "right" or "familiar"
Because the composer made skillful use of repetition
172
Repitition
repeating musical material
173
What do you do during repetition
you use the identical pitches, rhythms, and harmonies or at least having a close approximation of them
174
What is called when music is repeated at a different pitch level
A sequence
175
What can a sequence be
Melodic, minor, or any combination thereof
176
What are complete sections of a piece labels in music form
A capital letter
177
Variation
repetition with enough alterations that the
listener senses both continuity and contrast
178
Art History
academic discipline dedicated to the construction of the social, cultural, and economic contexts that art was created in
179
What is Art history closely related too
Anthropology, history, sociology
180
What does Art History overlap with
the fields of aesthetics, or the
philosophical inquiry into the nature and expression of
beauty; and art criticism, or the explanation of current
art events to the general public via the press.
181
What do Art Historian's define art as
Any kind of visual material that is created by people and invested with special meaning and/or valued for its aesthetic appeal
182
What did Art Historian's limit their search to in the past
fine art
183
What is fine art
It includes paintings, prints, drawings, sculpture, and architecture and was mainly made for the appreciation of people who could understand them
184
What is included in art today that was dismissed as a craft in the past
textiles, pottery, and body art like tattoos
185
When did art history rise as an academic discipline
in the mid eighteenth century
186
What can we look to see how commentary on art has developed over time
earlier writers
187
Pliny the Elder
An ancient Roman historian
188
When did Pliny the Elder live
from 23-79 ce
189
What did Pliny the Elder want to do
he wanted to analyze historical and contemporary art
190
Which text did Pliny the Elder write to achieve his goal
Natural History
191
Who, during the Renaissance, gathered the biographies of great Italian artists
Giorgio Vasari
192
When did Giorgio Vasari live
1511-1574
193
What book did Vasari publish those biographies in
The Lives of the Artists
194
What does Vasari's text provide us with
a insight into the changing roles of artist in society during this period and the developing concept of artistic genius
195
What is Modern art history influenced by
eighteenth century Enlightenment philosophy
196
Who was Johann Joachim Winkelmann
A German scholar
197
What did Johann Joachim Winkelmann do
He shifted from Vasari's biographical emphasis to a rigorous study of stylistic development as related to historical context.
198
What did art historians continue develop in the 19th and 20th century
approaches that placed increasing emphasis on an understanding of the interrelationship between the formal qualities of work of art and its context
199
what is important to keep in mind when considering contemporary views of art and perspectives on art history from the past
Everyone will have their own biases
200
Why was art history revised
because feminist historians have noted that the traditional version of art history has largely focused on white men
201
What has happened to art history after a few revisions
It has become a broader, international, and multicultural field including Marxist, feminist, and psychoanalytic methods and viewpoints
202
What has lessened in the context of Art History
The concern with great artistic geniuses and masterpieces
203
What has come to view in Art History
the full range of visual culture ranging from ads to photography and television imagery
204
What are the formal or basic visual components of a work of art
line, shape, space, form, color, texture
205
What does formal analysis of art require
careful observation and description usually using the special vocabulary of art
206
What is the most basic of elements in art
the line
207
What kind of tool can create a line
any kind of mark making tool
208
What is the strict definition of a line
the path of a point through space
209
Characteristic of a line
length width and direction
210
How may lines appear
hard or soft, bold or indistinct, uniform or varying in width
211
Is a dotted line still considered a line
yes, it is makes the eye connect the dots and create an implied line
212
What are things that imply the path of a person or animal
Prints in the sand or snow
213
What do we see the edges of objects as sometimes
lines
214
What are artists use lines for
express ideas or feelings visually
215
Horizontal and vertical lines
create a stable and static feeling
216
Vertical lines
cause the eye to move upward
217
Why were medieval churches created with high arched ceilings
to raise the eyes of the people upward toward heaven, promoting a sense of spiritual awe
218
Horizontal lines
Create a feeling of peace and tranquility
219
Curving and jagged lines
create a sense of activity
220
Where is the use of lines most essential and noticeable
drawing and some types of printmaking
221
True or False All artists use lines in their work
True, all artist use lines in their work in some way
222
Shape and form
Two elements of art that are closely related to one another
223
Shape
what defines the two-dimensional area of an object
224
Form
objects that are three-dimensional
225
Square
shape
226
Cube
Form
227
Triangle
shape
228
Pyramid
form
229
What do shading, foreshortening, and perspective do
They create the illusion of depth in a two dimensional art work
230
Geometric shapes and forms
can be defined mathematically and are precise and regular
231
Organic shapes and forms
tend to be freeform and irregular in shape or form
232
What can a geometric shape or form convey
a sense of order and stability
233
What can organic shapes or forms convey
movement and rhythm
234
Space
element of art related organization of objects and the areas around them
235
Places where objects, shapes, or forms occupy in an artwork
positive space
236
Areas around shapes and forms
negative space
237
Where might negative space exist in a form
surrounding the form or maybe inside of the forms due to space in inside of the form
238
What are some three dimensional artworks
architecture, ceramic objects, and sculpture along with other forms
239
What are the primary types of sculpture
freestanding (also known as fully in the round) and relief
240
What is a relief sculpture
a sculpture that projects from another surface or background of which it is a part
241
High relief sculpture
sculptures that project boldly from its surface
242
Bas (low ) relief
projecting only slightly from the surface
243
Contours
visible borders
244
What does shading on the contours do in terms of depth
it replicates the manner in which light shining on objects lends those objects a sense of volume and space
245
Placing objects at various areas of the plane making them looking closer or farther creates _____________
the illusion of depth
246
Hue
the name of color
247
Three primary colors
red, blue, and yellow
248
fROM WHICH COL.ORS ARE ALL OF THE OTHER COLORS MADE
THE PRIMARY COLORS
249
Color Wheel
the organization of hues into a visual scheme
250
Who made the underlying concepts of the color wheel
Sir Isaac Newton
251
Darker hues are created by
adding black to a color
252
Lighter hues are created by
adding white to a color
253
What are Black and White
Neutrals NOT Hues
254
Intensity
the brightness or purity of a color
255
Which colors are considered to be the most intense colors
Primary color
256
Texture
How things feel or how we think they will feel
257
Contrast of light and dark on a surface
creates a rough texture
258
Composition
the artist's organization of elements of art
259
Rhythm (ART)
principle that we associate with movement or pattern
260
How is rhythm created in art
by the repetition of elements like line, shape, color, and texture
261
Can there be different flows of rhythm
yes
262
Motif and pattern
two aspects of repetition
263
Motif
single element of a pattern
264
Pattern
involves the repetition of certain elements within a work of are
265
Balance
the equal distribution of visual weight in a work of art
266
Symmetrical balance
a balance achieved when elements of the composition are repeated exactly on both sides of the central axis
267
Asymmetrical balance
a visual balance that is
achieved through the organization of unlike objects
268
What creates interest to the eye
Contrast of color, value, shape, size, line, or texture
269
Proportion
the size relationships among the parts of a composition
270
Scale
the relative size of elements within the artwork
271
Arguably the most basic of art processes
drawing
272
Most common drawing media
pencil, pen and ink,
charcoal, pastels, crayons, and felt-tip pens.
273
Printmaking
mechanically aided
two-dimensional processes that permit the production of
multiple original artworks
274
Why do originals from printmaking cost less than painting originals
because multiple originals can be made from one print
275
Composition of Paint
pigments, binders, and solvents
276
Four basic ways of sculpture
modeling, casting, carving, and construction
277
Architecture
art and science of designing and constructing building
278
What is important to artistic production
land
279
When did Dutch Artists began painting the landscape of the Dutch Republic
the 17th century
