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ICC: Farm Animal > FAC23: Farm Animal Ophthalmology and Bovine Skin Diseases > Flashcards

FAC23: Farm Animal Ophthalmology and Bovine Skin Diseases Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What is another name of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis?

A

IBKC, NEw Forest Eye, pink eye

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2
Q

Describe what the cornea looks like in a cow with IBKC.

A

Central white/cloudy raised lesion

Oedema

After about 6 days there will be vascularisation

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3
Q

How do you treat IBKC?

A

Long-acting antibiotics. Treat both eyes (but the affected one last)

  • Topical - cloxacillin
  • Subconjunctival injections - Penicillin
  • Systemic - oxytetracycline or florfenicol
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4
Q

How do you control against IBKC?

A

Reduced predisposing factors

  • Fly control
  • Adequate headspace at feeders
  • Control dust/long vegetation
  • Quarantine replacement animals

In an outbreak

  • Isolate affected cattle
  • Mass treatment
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5
Q

What is another name of listerial uveitis?

A

Silage eye, ophthalmitis of cattle (and sheep)

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6
Q

What is the associated cause of listerial uveitis?

A

Listeria monocytogenes

Big bale silage

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7
Q

Describe what the cornea looks like in a cow with listerial uveitis.

A

Bluish white corneal opacity spreading centrally

White focal aggregations of fibrin

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8
Q

How do you treat listerial uveitis?

A

If untreated, this painful condition may resolve in 2-3 weeks

Sub-conjunctival injection of penicillin and dexamethasone

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9
Q

What tissues are affected by ocular squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Non-pigmeneted scleral, conjunctival palpebral tissues

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10
Q

Which breed is most often affected by ocular squamous cell carcinoma?

A

>5 year old Herefrods

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11
Q

What is the cause of ocular squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Long-term sunlight exposure

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12
Q

What does the eye look like in a cow with ocular squamous cell carcinoma?

A

There are conjunctival plaques with or without palpebral hyperkeratosis

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13
Q

How do you treat ocular squamous cell carcinoma?

A

Surgical removal

  • Excision
  • Removal of 3rd eyelid
  • Enucleation
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14
Q

What disease has both eye and respiratory clinical signs?

A

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis

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15
Q

What cattle are susceptible to vitamin A deficiency?

A

Housed animals fed straw, cereals, sugar beet pulp that are low in VitA

Pastured animals after a severe drought

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16
Q

What is the cause of primary vitamin A deficiency?

A

Poor status in dam

Not enough colostrum

Fast growing calves

Low supply in feed

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17
Q

What is the cause of secondary vitamin A deficiency?

A

Low vitamins C/E

High phosphate

Chronic liver/intestinal disease

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18
Q

What are the ocular signs of vitamin A deficiency?

A

Blindness with bone growth in orbit

Night blindness

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19
Q

Besides ocular signs, what are the other signs of vitamin A deficiency?

A

Congenital: Convulsions, syncope, ventral neck flexion

Growing calf: As above plus ataxia, bran-like scales in coat

Adult: Reproductive failure

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20
Q

How do you confirm a vitamin A deficiency diagnosis?

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A

Plasma Vit A levels and CSF pressure

21
Q

How do you treat vitamin A deficiency?

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A

Vit A injection

22
Q

Which age of sheep is most affected by ovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis?

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A

More severe in ewes than lambs

23
Q

What are the causes of IKC?

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A

Mycoplasma conjunctivae, chlamydia psittaci, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Branhamella ovis

24
Q

How do you treat IKC?

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A

Ewes

  • Single IM injection of oxytet
  • Separated

Lambs

  • Not always necessary
  • Topical chlortetracycline
25
How do you prevent and control of IKC?
Adequate space in trough in pens
26
What is the cause of bright blindness?
Prolonged ingestion of bracken
27
How do you treat congenital entropion?
Sub-conjunctival injection of antibiotic (penicillin) Application of michel clips - vertical fold of skin
28
Name some non-ophthalmic causes of blepharitis.
Viral * Orf * Bluetongue Bacterial * Dermatophilus * Actinobacillus Fungal * Dermatophytosis Parasitic * Psoroptes * Chorioptes
29
What is the causative agent of dermatophytosis?
Ringworm * Trichophyton verrucosum * T. Mentagrophyttes
30
Describe ringworm lesions.
Non-pruritic, alopecic lesions that have raised, grey/white powdery surface Often circular or oval
31
Describe the pathogenesis of ringworm
* Infection of keratin of hair and skin * Enzymes attack keratin of actively growing hair * Hair breaks off * Inflammatory reaction (often mild)
32
How do you treat/control for ringworm?
Disease is self-limiting (often 1-4 months) so any treatment just reduces the duration of the disease ## Footnote Topical: Imaverol Vaccination: Ringvac (prophylaxis or double dose for treatment)
33
When are biting and sucking lice most common on cows?
Cold months when animals are housed or in close contact with each other
34
How do you treat for biting and sucking lice?
Pyrethroid pour-ons or endectocides when animals are at housing
35
What are the species of mites that cause mange?
Sarcoptes scabiei, Psoroptes ovis, Chorioptes bovis, Demodex
36
What is the difference between chorioptic mange and sarcoptic mange?
Chorioptic mange is a surface mite, life cycle of 2-3 weeks, and is only transmitted by direct contact Sarcoptic mange (scabies) is a burrowing mite, life cycle of 10-17 days, and transmitted by direct contact or fomites
37
How do you treat mites?
Ivermectin pour-on Permethrin pour-on (not for Psorptes) Endectocide injection (does not eliminate Chorioptes)
38
What causes viral papillomatosis?
Bovine papillomavirus
39
How do you treat papillomatosis?
Uncomplicated cases - no treatment Otherwise surgical removal/debulking, cryosurgery
40
What are the primary causes of photo-sensitisation?
Plant origin (St. John's Wort) Defective metabolism
41
What are the secondary causes of photo-sensitisation?
Liver disease Failure to metabolise phylloerythrin (chlorophyll breakdown product) Builds up in circulation
42
What plant causes contact photo-sensitisation?
Giant hogweed sap
43
How do you treat photo-sensitisation?
House out of sun Antibiotics for secondary infection
44
How do you control against photo-sensitisation?
Control liver disease (fluke, ragwort, bog asphodel) and avoid toxic plants
45
What is fly strike?
Larval infestation of soiled skin, especially in warm damp conditions
46
How do you treat maggot wounds?
* Manually remove as many maggots as possible * Clean wound * Topical application of injectable ivermectin * Fly repellent around wound
47
Describe the pathogenesis of warble fly.
* Adults lay eggs on the skin * Larvae hatch in 4 days and burrow into the skin to overwinter in muscle * SubQ nodules and cysts form along backs of cattle in spring * Larvae burst out and pupate to adults in the soil.
48
How do you control against flies?
Pyrethroid ear tags Hygiene * Dry manure * Reduce feed spoilage * Reduce moisture * Fly Traps * Chemical baits
49
How do you control against summer mastitis?
* Synthetic pyrethroid ear tags/pour on products * Graze open fields away from woods and streams * Weekly tar/micropore tape application of teats * Prevent teat lesions * Dry cow tubes

ICC: Farm Animal (54 decks)

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