STUDY HELPERS Poultry

Question 1

How do you diagnose gizzard lesions?

Answer 1

Histopath: inclusion bodies in gizzard

Question 2

What is the agent in necrotic enteritis?

Answer 2

overgrowth of C. perfringens

Question 3

How do you treat necrotic enteritis?

Answer 3

Amoxicillin

Question 4

How do you treat coccidiosis?

Answer 4

Amprolium - resistance is common so various programs are used to vary the coccidiostate - withdrawal periods
ABs- amoxicillin
TLC/multivitamins

Question 5

How do you diagnose coccidiosis?

Answer 5

Faecal oocyst counts (McMasters)

Question 6

How do you control against dysbacteriosis?

Answer 6

Organic acids in the drking water
Compettive exclusion (Lactobacilli)
Feed additives (Fibria blockers to disrupt E. coli)

Question 7

What does the faeces of a bird with dysbacteriosis look like?

Answer 7

Foamy, glistening, orangey

Question 8

What is a suitable anti-viral disinfectant after a viral enteritis outbreak?

Answer 8

Formaldehyde
Peroxide
Gluteraldehyde

Question 9

What is the agent of blackhead?

Answer 9

Histomonas meleagridis with intermediate host heterakis

Question 10

How do you daignose blackhead?

Answer 10

PM: caecal cores and circumscribed hobnail lesions on the surface of hte liver

Question 11

What worms are found in chickens and where is each found?

Answer 11

Ascardis - GI
Capillaria - crop
Heterakis - caecum
Gape worm - trachea

Question 12

How do you treat worms in chickens?

Answer 12

Flubendazole

Question 13

What is the agent of infectious bronchitis?

Answer 13

oronavirus

Question 14

Describe the pathogenesis if infectious bronchitis.

Answer 14

respiratory tract or droppings shed > enters via trachea > to blood > kideny and/or oviduct (can cause permanent damage if in young birds) > egg shell thinning and loss of colour

Question 15

What is the agent of infectious laryngotracheitis?

Answer 15

herpes virus

Question 16

What are the clinical signs of infectious laryngotracheitis?

Answer 16

production drops
pus and plugs in trachea > death
coughing

Question 17

How do you treat infectious laryngotracheitis?

Answer 17

aspirin

Question 18

What is the pathogenesis of gumboro disease?

Answer 18

Bursa of Fabricius actively seeds B type lymphocytes (which later become antibody producing cells) to secondary lymphoid sites

IBD infections cause injury to bursa > compromised antibody mediated mechanisms

Question 19

Describe the pathogenesis of ascities.

Answer 19

Large feed = high oxygen demand > increased HR > hypertension > ascites

Question 20

How do you control against ascities?

Answer 20

Temp control
CO2 control
Air quality

Question 21

What is the agent of rickets?

Answer 21

Deficiency of Ca or Ph or vitD

Question 22

What is a common sequelae to IBD?

Answer 22

Infectious skeletal disorders due to mycoplasma or staphy

Question 23

What is a common sequelae to egg yolk peritonitis and why?

Answer 23

Secondary bacterial infection of E.coli

Yolk is a good growth medium + E.coli from air sacs via inspiration

Question 24

What is EODES?

Answer 24

erratic oviposition and defective egg syndrome

double yolked eggs, prolapses of the oviduct, internal ovulation, internal laying

Question 25

What is the agent of Marek's disease?

Answer 25

Herpesvirus

Question 26

Describe the pathogenesis of Mareks disease.

Answer 26

Breathe in contaminated dust/dander > transofrms T-cells > immunosuppresion and tummors

Question 27

What are the two forms of Mareks disease and how do they differ?

Answer 27

Acute: liver and spleen Classical: neurones > ataxia and paralysis

Question 28

What is the agent of fowl cholera?

Answer 28

P. multocida

Question 29

What is broodiness and how do you treat it?

Answer 29

Hen is aggressive and stays in her nest and puffs herslef up Try to place hen in wire bottom cage in a bright place

Question 30

What is the agent of yolk sac infection?

Answer 30

E. coli

Question 31

How do you teat yolk sace infection?

Answer 31

Euthanise or give ABs for mildly affected flock mates and to protect other chicks (Amoxicillin)

Question 32

What agents cause sneezing in chickens?

Answer 32

``` IB MG ILT ND AI Gapeworm ```

Question 33

How do you treat sneezing?

Answer 33

Antimicrobial therapy (tiamulin) Isolate TLC

Question 34

How do you treat egg bound?

Answer 34

Lubrication ABs for secondary infection Break manuualy remove Spay

Question 35

How do you treat meningitis in chickens?

Answer 35

Antimicrobial that is capable of crossing BBB (enrofloxacilin)

Question 36

What is the agent of sour crop?

Answer 36

Candida from mouldy feed

Question 37

How do you treat sour crop?

Answer 37

Surgery with lavage and antifungals

Question 38

How do you treat feather pecking?

Answer 38

Distrat them and supplement their diet Anti-pecking spray Red or green light at reduced light intensity

Question 39

What types of lice to chickens get?

Answer 39

Chicken louse - grey/yellow around vent | Northern mite - dark brown

Question 40

How do you treat lice?

Answer 40

Frontline

Question 41

How do you treat red mites?

Answer 41

insectifices or v. fine powders

Question 42

How do you treat scally leg mites?

Answer 42

Wash legs and dry Dunk legs into surgical spirit Soften with vaseline Do weekly Ivermectin drops

Question 43

What agent causes furunculosis in FISH? How do you treat and prevent it?

Answer 43

Aeromonas salmonicida (bacterial septicaemia) ABs in food Vaccine - but has side effects

Question 44

What is the agent that cuases sea lice?

Answer 44

Lepeophtheirus salmonis | Califus elongatus