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Behavioral Neuroscience > Feeding > Flashcards

Feeding Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Why do we eat and drink?

A

To fuel our body- nutrients to perform functions

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2
Q

eating and drinking

A

internal and external (sensory) experiences drive feeding behaviors to restore balance

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3
Q

Do I need the food?

A

Homeostasis (balance)- thirst, hunger
glucose levels, proteins, fats, salts, water

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4
Q

Do I want the food?

A

Incentive motivation
flavors, reward, hedonic tone

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5
Q

homeostasis

A

maintaining “set point”

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6
Q

homeostasis monitors physiological mechanisms

A

blood glucose, body fat, salt levels, etc.
compare to “set point”
more water, more food/bigger meal if more expended

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7
Q

if deficient, stimulate seeking/feeding

A

a little hungry after you come home from class
hungry after a swim practice
extremely hungry/starving if you get lost while hiking

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8
Q

if surplus, suppress seeking/feeding

A

negative feedback regulation
had a big lunch, not as hungry when dinnertime comes

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9
Q

redundancies

A

multiple mechanisms of maintaining homeostasis
in case one system fails, another one can help pick up slack

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10
Q

endotherms

A

generate our own heat through metabolism and muscles

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11
Q

body temperature tracked on face

A

trigeminal nerve- controls movement in face and sensory - received information about temperature of face- is important because is close to brain and brain is important

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12
Q

internal body core

A

collecting info and sending it to the brain
brain receives information about the entire body- if cold or hot

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13
Q

most important brain region in controlling temperature

A

pre optic area/ thalamus

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14
Q

if we are cold

A

stimulate (shiver, reduce blood flow, increase metabolism)
reduce sweat, suppress the increase in blood flow, suppress the increase in respiration
can also change behavior
redundancies- makes it more complicated!

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15
Q

why do we drink water?

A

loses a lot of water a day
urination, feces, sweating, evaporate water

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16
Q

osmolality

A

number of particles (salts) per unit volume of water

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17
Q

isotonic salt solution

A

0.9% NaCl
0.9 grams NaCl in 100 milliliters water

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18
Q

hypertonic

A

more salty than an isotonic solution

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19
Q

hypotonic

A

less salty than an isotonic solution

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20
Q

What is a 0.5% NaCl solution?
A. Hypertonic
B. Hypotonic
C. Isotonic

A

B. hypotonic

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21
Q

how does water move in/out of cells?

A

intracellular/extracellular
osmosis

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22
Q

intracellular compartment

23
Q

extracellular compartment

Study These Flashcards
A

outside of cell (includes fluid between cells and blood plasma)

24
Q

osmotic thirst

Study These Flashcards
A

high salt concentration in extracellular compartment
regular water loss (respiration, perspiration, urine)
eat something salty
water flows out of cells
more common kind of thirst

25
osmosensory neurons in hypothalamus (OVLT)
cells shrink based on water content (like a shriveled balloon) ion channels open-> EPSP action potential -> triggers osmotic thirst response vasopressin release
26
OVLT->
preoptic area-> hypothalamic thirst network-> drinking OR preoptic area-> supraoptic nucleus, paraventricular nucleus-> water conservation
27
vasopressin
reduces urination- conserves water that you have
28
hypovolemic thirst
too little volume of extracellular fluid large water loss (vomiting, hemorrhage, diarrhea) lose water AND salts so no change in osmolarity/concentration of salt
29
blood pressure drops causing
baroreceptors (detect pressure changes in blood vessels/heart) signal to brain via autonomic nervous system baroreceptors (detect pressure changes in kidney) cause renin-> angiotensin 2 release into the blood pre-optic area (like osmotic thirst)- different pathways to preoptic area
30
hypovolemic thirst->
blood pressure drops-> cardiac baroreceptors detect-> vagus nerve-> brain-> preoptic area AND kidney baroreceptors detect pressure change-> renin-> angiotensin 2 -> subformical organ-> preoptic area
31
angiotensin 2 release triggers
hypovolemic thirst (drink water and eat salty food) via circumventricular organ- saline IV. or Gatorate reduces urination, increases blood pressure
32
circumventricular organ/formical organ
structure that senses angiotensin 2 and activates the preoptic area
33
What monitors hypovolemic thirst? A. Hormones in the blood B. Baroreceptors in blood vessels C. Neurons in the hypothalamus
B. baroreceptors in blood vessels
34
why do we stop feeling thirsty (satiety)?
combination of factors: mouth and throat are wet water in stomach, but extracellular compartment not replenished estimate of how much we have consumed
35
food allows for energy storage
short-term storage as glycogen in muscles and liver requires insulin long-term storage as adipose tissue
36
what causes us to feel hungry vs sated?
insulin? NO! blood glucose levels? NO! multiple hypothalamic systems
37
insulin
low blood insulin leads to hunger high blood insulin also leads to hunger since it causes hypoglycemia
38
blood glucose levels
people with untreated diabetes have high blood sugar levels, but are hungry
39
hypothalamic systems for eating regulation
ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) lateral hypothalamus (LH)
40
ventromedual hypothalamus (VMH)
damages leads to hyperphagia, then new set point "satiety center"
41
lateral hypothalamus (LH)
damaged leads to aphagia, then new set point "hunger center"
42
hyperphagia
eating more- damaged VMH= eating excessively
43
aphagia
eating less- damaged LH=eating close to nothing
44
body warns hypothalamus about nutrient surplus/deficiency
leptin, insulin, ghrelin, PYY (3-36)
45
leptin
released by fat cells into blood, allow for monitoring of body energy reserves
46
insulin
released by pancreas into blood, allow for monitoring of blood glucose levels
47
ghrelin
released by stomach into blood while fasting, appetite stimulant
48
PYY (3-36)
released by intestine into blood while ingesting food, appetite suppressant
49
hypothalamic circuits for feeding
feeding hormones travel to 2 sets of neurons (POMC and NPY neurons) in arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus -> neurons either decrease or increase appetite
50
NPY cells
ghrelin activates - do need to eat- has opposite effect compared to other 3 leptin, insulin, PYY 3-36 inhibits - don't need to eat
51
POMC neuron
leptin activates- signals to not eat- not directly only chemical that effects POMC
52
anorexigenic neurons
of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) decrease appetite and feeding
53
orexigenic neurons
of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) increase appetite and food intake
54
CLASS QUESTION Which of these hormones is released rapidly during/after a meal? A. Ghrelin B. PYY 3-36 C. Leptin D. Insulin
B. PYY 3-36

Behavioral Neuroscience (19 decks)

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