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Behavioral Neuroscience > Parts of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Parts of the Nervous System Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

nervous system is:

A

highly organized

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2
Q

true at all levels

A

gross anatomy (that which you can see by eye) to the microscopic level

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3
Q

the “parts” are important because

A

structure = function

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4
Q

rostral

A

anterior part of the brain

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5
Q

caudal

A

posterior part of the brain

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6
Q

dorsal

A

top part of the brain

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7
Q

ventral

A

bottom part of the brain

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8
Q

horizontal plane

A

cut from ear to ear
look down from above

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9
Q

sagittal

A

cut from up to down
dividing in half

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10
Q

coronal

A

cut brain in half at the crown of the brain

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11
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

all parts of the nervous system outside brain and spinal cord

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13
Q

divisions of PNS

A

nerves
ganglia

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14
Q

nerves

A

bundles of axons in PNS

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15
Q

ganglia

A

clusters of neuron cell bodies distributed throughout body (near spine or near organs)

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16
Q

PNS divided into

A

somatic nervous system
autonomic nervous system

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17
Q

somatic nervous system

A

nerves between brain/spinal cord and skeletal muscles/sensory organs

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18
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

nerves between brain/spinal cord and internal organs

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19
Q

somatic nervous system

A

nerves send information from sense organs to the brain/spinal cord

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20
Q

nerves from brain/spinal cord to the skeletal muscles

A

voluntary movements

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21
Q

within a nerve

A

different axons carry sensory and motor information

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22
Q

spinal cord

A

travel separately in roots
dorsal root vs. ventral root
sensory nerves vs. motor nerves

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23
Q

autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary movements

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24
Q

sympathetic

A

fight or flight
norepinephrine

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25
parasympathetic
relax/ rest and digest acetylcholine
26
sympathetic and parasympathetic
often oppose each other modulatory systems increase or decrease functions but cannot run literal function
27
enteric nervous system
gut/digestive control
28
which nervous system gives rise to a fight-or-flight response? a. parasympathetic b. sympathetic
b. sympathetic
29
central nervous system responsible for
- senses: vision vs. sight, etc. - initiating movement of your muscles vs. moving - higher-order behavior: attention, cognition, perception, thought, affect, mood - automatic life-essential function: breathing, hunger, thermoregulation, circadian rhythm
30
spinal cord
31 pairs of spinal nerves - one nerves serves left side of body, the other the right cervical thoracic lumbar sacral coccygeal
31
brain
cerebral cortex corpus callosum limbic system basal ganglia thalamus hypothalamus brain stem (midbrain, pons, medulla) cerebellum
32
cervical
neck
33
thoracic
trunk
34
lumbar
lower back
35
sacral
pelvic
36
coccygeal
tail bone
37
dorsal root ganglion
- bipolar neuron - information from skin to spinal cord - sensory
38
ventral root
- cell bodies in ventral horn - send axon to effector muscle to make it move - motor
39
the brain
sulcus and gyrus folding pattern is organized
40
sulcus
plural is sulci a groove in the cerebral cortex
41
gyrus
plural is gyri matter between two grooves/wrinkles
42
evolutionary trends
not all species have folds in their brain dolphins have a more folded brain
43
organization of the brain
brain regions do not generally function in isolation most brain regions have many functions!
44
cerebral cortex covers
most of the brain
45
cerebral cortex has 4 lobes
- frontal lobe - parietal lobe - temporal lobe - occipital lobe
46
central sulcus
separates the frontal lobe and parietal lobe
47
sylvian fissure
separates frontal lobe from temporal lobe
48
longitudinal fissure
looking above the brain rostral <-> caudal splits down the center of the brain
49
anatomy in the ventral part of the brain
olfactory bulb-> olfactory nerve optic nerve-> optic chiasm not a part of the cerebral cortex
50
olfactory bulb
connects to olfactory nerve sends out smell information into our brain
51
optic nerve
optic chiasm (cross)
52
coronal plane
gray and white matter
53
gray matter
cell bodies and dendrites
54
white matter
axons with white myelin sheath
55
view along the sagittal plane: axon tracts
axons traveling together form a tract in the brain (vs. nerve in PNS) brain regions communicate with each other via these tracts
56
corpus callosum
axon tract that joins the two hemispheres
57
grey matter is made up of? a. myelinated axons b. cell bodies and dendrites
b. cell bodies and dendrites
58
cerebral cortex
complex thought and function
59
parietal lobe
body's sensory info, touch
60
frontal lobe
movement, high-level cognition
61
temporal lobe
hearing, smell
62
occipital lobe
vision
63
cerebral cortex
sensory cortex motor cortex associative cortex
64
sensory cortex
processing sensory input primary somatosensory cortex visual cortex auditory cortex
65
motor cortex
generating motor responses primary motor cortex
66
homunculus
primary motor cortex primary sensory cortex
67
primary motor cortex
in front of the central sulcus
68
primary sensory cortex
is behind the central sulcus
69
associative cortex
integrate sensory inputs and help plan motor function prefrontal cortex
70
cytoarchitecture
different sub-regions, but similar structure
71
apical (top) and basal (bottom) dendrites:
receive information
72
layers 3 & 5 contain
pyramidal neurons
73
pyramidal neurons
projection cells
74
What is the part of the brain that processes vision?
occipital
75
thalamus
sensory relay station
76
hypothalamus and pituitary gland
neurohormone center, biological rhythms, hunger/thirst, body temperature, sexual drive
77
limbic system
emotion and learning
78
limbic system includes
amygdala hippocampus cingulate gyrus
79
amygdala
center for negative emotion, fear, anxiety
80
hippocampus
learning and memory formation
81
cingulate gyrus
attention
82
basal ganglia
motor control
83
basal ganglia includes
caudate substantia nigra
84
caudate
habit information
85
substantia nigra
neurons that produce a neurotransmitter dopamine, Parkinson's disease
86
brainstem includes
midbrain pons medulla
87
midbrain
visual and auditory information processing
88
pons
motor control and sensory nuclei cranial nerves
89
medulla
brain to spinal cord breathing and heart rate cranial nerves
90
cerebellum
fine motor control gait, balance muscle coordination
91
What brain region is important for fear? A. Hippocampus B. Amygdala C. Thalamus
B. Amygdala

Behavioral Neuroscience (19 decks)

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