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Small Animal Medicine > FeLV > Flashcards

Flashcards in FeLV Deck (24)
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1
Q

Transmission of FeLV

A

Via “intimate moist contact” - with salivary secretions - via bites, milk. + blood transfusions

2
Q

Basis of the in house ELISA

A

Detecting soluble p27 antigen in blood

3
Q

what type of Virus is FeLV and what is it capable of doing

A

Retrovirus

inducing neoplasia

4
Q

biggest factor contributing to the outcome of infection is

A

age
exposure <4mo = much more likely to develop persistent viraemia
(younger you are and bigger size of infection exposed to = worse the likely outcome)

5
Q

FeLV disease progression

A

Oronasal exposure

  • spread to lymphoid tissue most cats eliminate at this stage
  • dissemination of virus
  • bone marrow infection
  • persistent viraemia or latency.
6
Q

Diseases associated with FeLV

A
  • Immunosupression - opportunistic infections
  • Neoplasia - lymphoma, leukaemia, multiple fibrosarcomas
  • Anaemia & BM disorders
  • misc - due to Ag-Ab complexes
7
Q

How does FeLV cause neoplasia?

A

insertional mutagenesis by activating proto-oncogenes or disrupting tumour suppressor genes

8
Q

Do maternal ABs or vaccination interfere with ELISA?

A

No - it tests for antigen.

9
Q

A negative in house FeLV ELISA result is likely to be

A

Correct - sensitive test.

Should confirm with virus isolation or IMF testing.

10
Q

When do most cats eliminate FeLV infection

A

when the virus spreads to lymphoid tissue

11
Q

If a cat is antibody positive but antigen negative for FeLV

A

It has eliminated the infection

12
Q

Latency can be reactivated

A

Never or in stressful situations!

13
Q

Persistently viraemic cats are

A

at high risk of developing fatal dz e.g. immunosuppression, BM disorders, haemopoietic neoplasia.

14
Q

If a cat has an unusual manifestation of a disease which is not responding to tx we should test for

A

FeLV and FIV

15
Q

What types of neoplasia can FeLV cause

A

Lymphoma, leukaemia, multiple fibrosarcomas

16
Q

Most FeLV caused anaemias are

A

non-regenerative

Can get IMHA, aplastic and myelodysplastic

17
Q

Glomerulonephritis, uveitis, polyarthritis, neurological disorders, GI dz, reproductive disorders can be linked to

A

Ag-Ab complexes - test for FeLV

18
Q

How long after exposure to FeLV should a healthy cat be tested?

A

12 weeks

19
Q

How sensitive is the p27 antigen ELISA

A

Very - -ve likely to be correct

20
Q

How specific is the ELISA test

A

Lower - can get false +ves so always confirm a positive in house result with virus isolation or immunofluorescence testing.

21
Q

If you get a positive result in house

A

Confirm with virus isolation or immunofluorescence testing.
If severely unwell with signs consistent with FeLV related dz a single +ve is enough to confirm infection.
Retest in 12wks to check for transient infection.

22
Q

A single positive in a severely unwell cat with signs consistent with FeLV related dz

A

Is sufficient to confirm infection.

23
Q

Management for healthy FeLV +ve cats

A

Isolate & retest in 12wks

24
Q

Management for sick FeLV +ve cats

A
  • low stress environment
  • inactivated vaccine
  • manage concurrent dz
  • [recombinant feline interferon]