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Small Animal Medicine > Urinary > Flashcards

Flashcards in Urinary Deck (11)
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1
Q

Urinary incontinence is defined as

A

Involuntary leakage from the bladder during the storage phase of micturition

2
Q

Congenital causes of urinary incontinance

A
  1. ectopic ureters
  2. USMI
  3. bladder hypoplasia
  4. patent urachus
3
Q

Acquired causes of urinary incontinance

A
  1. USMI
  2. Overflow incontinence - excessively large flaccid or tense bladder.
  3. UTI
  4. detrusor hyperexcitability
  5. PU/PD - excessive challange
4
Q

Best way to diagnose ectopic ureters

A

Cystoscopy

5
Q

Only positive test for USMI

A

Urodynamics - urethral pressure profile - see a flatline where you would normally see muscle contractions.

6
Q

Overflow incontinance can be caused by

A

Neurological conditions, bladder atony, urethral/bladder neck obstruction

7
Q

Acquired USMI

A

Usually post neutering - alteration in hormonal influences & collagen:muscle ratio in urethral wall.

8
Q

Tx options intramural ectopic ureters

A
  1. cystic laser ablation
  2. side-side neoureterostomy
  3. urethral re-implantation
  4. ureteronecphrectomy (salvage)
9
Q

Tx options for extramural ectopic ureters

A

Urethral re-implantation

Ureteronephrectomy

10
Q

USMI medical treatment

A
  1. Phenylpropanolamine

2. oestriol (neutered only)

11
Q

USMI surgical options

A
  1. relocation of bladder neck - when dog lies down pressure is on both bladder & neck - reduced urine leakage.
    - colposuspension more common option - permanent sutures between vaginal wall and prepubic tendon.
  2. artificial urethral spincter - 6wks recovery then cuff inflated - incremental increase if incontinence persists.