Vomiting Flashcards Preview

Small Animal Medicine > Vomiting > Flashcards

Flashcards in Vomiting Deck (21)
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1
Q

What are the two pathways for initiating vomiting

A

neural and humoral

2
Q

vomiting occurs when

A

the distal oesophageal sphincter relaxes - food pushed out of the relaxed stomach

3
Q

Are bile and SI content normal in vomit?

A

yes - anti peristalsis of the duodenum and jejunum, reduced gastric tone

4
Q

Gastric acid secretion in C+Ds is

A

intermittent

5
Q

Prostaglandins are important in

A

controlling acid secretion, blood flow, mucous and bicarbonate secretion (esp. PGE2)

6
Q

What neural input is required for normal gastric motility

A

vagal

- vagally-mediated relaxation of the stomach so pressure doesn’t increase with filling

7
Q

Normal canine stomach empties (?) hours post feeding

A

8-10hrs but large variation

8
Q

Marked gastric distension stimulates….
To prevent…
Inhibited in…

A

gastroesophageal relaxation, gastric body relaxation, pyloric contraction - allow eructation + vomiting.
To prevent SI overload
Inhibited during sleep in normal individuals and in GDV

9
Q

The most common causes of chronic vomiting

A

Are extra-gastric!
IBD
Recurrent pancreatitis
Hepatobiliary disease.

10
Q

Absence of bile in vomit indicates

A

pyloric obstruction or spasm

11
Q

food can stimulate vomiting with

A

gastritis and motility disorders

12
Q

mainly bile can indicate

A

ulcers or bilious reflex - often vomit on an empty stomach

13
Q

concurrent diarrhoea indicates

A

intestinal or pancreatic involvement

14
Q

Why should you check under the tongue?

A

For string! esp. cats

15
Q

Tx acute uncomplicated gastritis

A

Starve 24-48hrs
Oral water + electrolytes
Re-introduce bland, low fat food little and often

Drug tx usually unnecessary - abx may disrupt gut flora

16
Q

When are further investigations warranted?

A

Acute vomiting which fails to resolve
Acute & life threatening
Chronic vomiting with haematemesis

17
Q

Abdo radiographs may show

A

FB, obstructions delaying gastric emptying, peritonitis,

18
Q

Fluroscopy can be used to

A

assess motility in pyloric stenosis or delayed gastric emptying.

19
Q

Ultrasound is very useful for assessing

A

gastric wall thickness + identifying areas of thickening or stenosis

20
Q

Endoscopy is very useful for

Insensitive for

A

Primary gastric or duodenal disorders

motility disorders, pyloric stenosis, any neoplasia contained within the serosa or musculris

21
Q

Chronic gastritis is classified

A

histologically from biopsies