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Histology > Female Repro > Flashcards

Female Repro Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

4 Layers of Ovaries (& descriptions)

A

Epithelium - germinal, really low cuboidal cells
Tunica Albuginea - DIRCT
Cortex - cellular
Medulla - connective tissue

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2
Q

Ova Production Direction

A

Central to periphery

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3
Q

Peak of Ovarian Follicles

A

Halfway through gestation

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4
Q

Oogonia

A

Ovarian follicle during gestation

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5
Q

Primordial Follicle (2)

A

One layer of follicular cells surrounding primary oocytes, last until puberty

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6
Q

First Oocyte Arrest (& DNA stage)

A

Prophase of Meiosis I - euchromatic 4n

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7
Q

Primary Follicles & Development (4)

A

First appear at puberty, stimulated by FSH to develop into unilaminar follicle cells, then multilaminar granulosa cells. Also develop zona pellucida

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8
Q

Zona pellucida

A

Barrier between ovum w/ primary oocyte and outside world. Barrier for fertilization

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9
Q

Stromal Cells of Primary Follicle (2)

A

Theca externa and theca interna

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10
Q

Estradiol Production (3)

A

FSH stimulates theca interna and granulosa cells to release

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11
Q

Estradiol Function

A

Primes uterus

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12
Q

3 Characteristics of Secondary Follicles

A

Fluid filled antrum
Cumulus oophorus - hill of granulosa cells oocyte sits on
Corona radiata - ring of granulosa cells around oocyte which will stay with it upon ovulation

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13
Q

3 Characteristics of Mature (Graafian) Follicles

A

Pretty much just more well-defined secondary follicle characteristics, plus membrana granulosa of well-developed follicular cells
Very large, 2.5 cm

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14
Q

5 Follicular Stages

A 
Primordial Follicle
Unilaminar Primary Follicle
Multilaminar Primary Follicle
Secondary (Antral) Follicle
Mature (Graafian) Follicle
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15
Q

6 Steps of Ovulation

A
  1. LH surge encourages Mei1 to complete
  2. Forms polar body and secondary oocyte
  3. Secondary oocyte progresses to metaphase II - arrested
  4. Graafian follicle presses against tunica albuginea - loses blood supply
  5. Causes tunica albuginea to get whiter and cause stigma - a vascular region which ruptures
  6. Secondary oocyte and corona radiata released into peritoneum, picked up by fibria of infundibulum
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16
Q

Remnants of Follicular Cells After Ovulation (6)

A

Corpus hemorrhagicum - blood filled region
Corpus luteum - clotted blood removed, releases estrogen and progesterone via these two other remnants:
Granulosa lutein - remnant of granulosa cells
Theca lutein - remnant of theca interna cells
No pregnancy: degenerates into corpus albicans
Pregnancy: maintained 2-3 months

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17
Q

Atretic Follicles

A

Degenerated follicles that didn’t develop

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18
Q

Medullary Region of Ovary

A

Support/stromal area

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19
Q

28 Day Ovarian Cycle (4 & what happens)

A

Menstrual phase (4 days) - ovarian follicles begin to develop
Follicular Phase (10 days) - ovarian follicles develop
Ovulation - day 14
Luteal Phase - 14 days - corpus luteum develops

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20
Q

Just Steps in Uterine Cycle

A

Menstrual Phase
Proliferative Phase
Ovulation
Secretory Phase

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21
Q

5 Hormonal Changes

A
  1. FSH during follicular phase
  2. Estrogen increase prior to ovulation
  3. LH surge induces ovulation
  4. Progesterone and estrogen increase during luteal phase
  5. hCG maintains corpus luteum
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22
Q

4 Regions of Uterine Tube (ovary to uterus)

A

Infundibulum w/ fimbriae
Ampulla
Isthmus
Intramural region (inside uterus)

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23
Q

Ideal Locale for Fertilization

A

Ampulla of Uterine Tube

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24
Q

Epithelium of Uterine Tube (1.2)

A

Simple columnar, w/ ciliated cells and peg cells

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25
Peg Cells
Secrete supportive fluids for oocyte as well as serous fluid for lubrication
26
Muscularis of Uterine Tube (2)
Inner circular, outer longitudinal
27
Uterine Tube S or A
Serosa bc interacts w/ peritoneum
28
2 Layers of Endometrium
Stratum Functionalis | Stratum Basalis
29
Stratum Functionalis (3)
Thick Sloughed at menses Helical arteries
30
Stratum Basalis (3)
Thin Retained at menses Straight arteries
31
Myometrium
Smooth muscle muscularis for uterus, mainly for support more than constriction
32
3 Layers of Myometrium (+ 1 point)
Inner longitudinal Middle circular Outer longitudinal (but all kind of obliquely oriented as well)
33
Uterine Adventitia
At cervix
34
Endocervix (def and epithelium) (3)
Part of cervix in uterus Mucous-secreting, simple columnar epithelium Cervical glands
35
Ectocervix (def and epithelium) (2)
Cervix in vagina | Non-keratinized stratified squamos epithelium
36
Mucous Plug
When not ovulating, plugs cervix
37
Vagina Epithelium
Non-keratinized stratified squamos epithelium
38
Vagina Lamina Propria (3)
Fibroelastic connective tissue w/ lymphocytes and neutrophils
39
Vagina muscularis
Irregularly-arranged smooth muscle
40
Vagina S or A (2)
Adventitia w/ rich blood/nerve supply
41
Acidic Vaginal pH (source and purpose)
Estrogen stimulates glycogen production which is released upon death of cells and turned into lactic acid by bacterial flora Prevents infection by other bacteria
42
Difference b/w Labia Majora and Minora
Majora has hairy skin (thin) | Minora has thin (hairless)
43
Mammary Gland Type
Tubuloalveolar Glands (Tubuloacinar, secretory components on both alveoli and tubules)
44
Mammary Gland Structure (4)
15-20 lobe, circularly arranged Each lobe has numerous alveoli that converge onto ducts Ducts drain into single lactiferous duct per lobe Each lactiferous duct meets at nipple
45
Lactiferous Sinus (def and function)
Widening of duct just before it exits, to kind of pump blood flow down duct upon suckling
46
2 Kinds of Cells in Mammary Alveoli
Cuboidal/secretory cells | Myepithelial cells to facilitate secretion
47
2 Kinds of Secretion in Mammary Alveoli
Merocrine: Proteins Apocrine: lipids
48
Larger Lactiferous Ducts vs. Smaller (2)
Larger: stratified cuboidal/columnar (non-secretory) Smaller: columnar (maybe secretory)
49
Difference Between Resting (inactive) and Lactating (active) Ducts (2)
Inactive - not many alveoli, lots of connective tissue | Active - Numerous alveoli, poor connective tissue
50
Effects of Hormones on Mammary Glands (3.8)
Puberty: estrogen, progesterone, glucocorticoids, somatotropin (GH) initiate development Pregnancy: Increased E&P activate glands Postpartum: Prolactin stimulates milk production, oxytocin milk ejaculation
51
Colostrum versus Milk
C: very thick, protein-rich stuff at initial lactation, a few days post-partum will switch to milk
52
3 Reactions of Fertilization
Acrosomal Rxn - zona pellucida penetration Cortical Rxn - prevents polyspermy Oocyte completes Meiosis, pronuclei fuse to form zygote
53
2 Layers of Blastocyst (2.2)
Inner cells: embryoblast (embryo) | Outer: trophoblast (placenta) w/ cytotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast
54
2 Parts of Placenta
Chorion - fetal placenta from embryo | Decidua - uterine placenta from mother
55
Primary and Secondary Villi of Placenta
From chorion frondosum, extend in to get blood supply
56
Intervillous Space
Fluid-filled space that chorionic villi extend into to get maternal blood
57
Free vs. Anchoring Villi
Free: just hang in intervillous space Anchoring: actually extend into uterine wall
58
3 Layers of Placental Barrier b/w Maternal and Fetal Blood
Syncytiotrophoblast cells Connective tissue Endothelial cells of fetus
59
3 Contents of Umbilical Cord
Two umbilical a.s One umbilical v. Mucoid Connective Tissue
60
Endometriosis
Endometrial tissue found outside of uterus/uterine tube which still follows cycle
61
Cervical Carcinoma
Because have transition zone from stratified squamos and simple columnar
62
Ectopic Pregnancy and In Vitro Fertilization
Increases chances for ectopic pregnancy
63
The Pill
Estrogen/Progesterone Complex, which makes body think it's pregnant. Then sugar pill for a week to menstruate
64
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Use the pill at menopause in low doses to get through menopause - not too high or too long though, can increase risk of some stuff
65
3 Actions During Proliferative Phase
Stratum functionalis develops Tubular glands develop Helical arteries regrow straight
66
3 Actions During Secretory Phase
Thickening of stratum functionalis Tubular glands coil/branch Helical arteries coil/distribute
67
5 Hormonal Changes in Uterine Cycle
``` FSH rise during proliferative phase Increase in estrogen prior to ovulation LH surge induces ovulation P&E increase during secretory phase P&E drop at end of secretory phase, inducing menses ```

Histology (12 decks)

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