Female repro anatomy

Question 1

What are the internal and external genital organs?

Answer 1

Internal: gonads, uterine tube, uterus, vagina, vestibule
External: vulva, clitoris

Question 2

Label this ovary

Answer 2

Question 3

What is different about equine ovarian morphology?

Answer 3

Ovarian fossa with germinal epithelium is the only location of cortex
Vascular zone (normal medulla) is peripheral

Question 4

What are the 4 layers of the oviduct/uterine tube?

Answer 4

Serosa
Muscularis (circular and longitudinal layers)
Submucosa
Mucosa

Question 5

Label the oviduct

Answer 5

Question 6

What are the 3 regions of the oviduct?

Answer 6

Infundibulum - covered with fimbriae to capture oocyte
Ampulla - ciliated, help oocyte migrate
Isthmus - next to uterus

Question 7

Label the regions of the oviduct

Answer 7

Question 8

What is the function of the uterine tube/oviduct?

Answer 8

Question 9

Describe the structure of the uterus

Answer 9

Question 10

How is the uterus formed?

Answer 10

fusion of the paramesonephric ducts

Question 11

What are the functions of the uterus?

Answer 11

Question 12

What are the different types of uterus and which species are they found in?

Answer 12

Duplex - 2 cervical canals, separate uterine horns (marsupials, rabbits)
Bicornuate - 2 uterine horns, small uterine body (mare, cow, bitch, queen, sow)
Simplex - single uterine body (primates)

Question 13

What is the specific uterine morphology of cows?

Answer 13

Bicornuate
Curved uterine horns
Short uterine body

Question 14

What is the specific uterine morphology of pigs?

Answer 14

bicornuate
long horns coiled in caudal direction
small uterine body

Question 15

Describe the specific uterine morphology of mares

Answer 15

Bicornuate
Ovaries are sub-lumber and dorsal in position
Straight horns
Long body

Question 16

Describe the specific uterine morphology of dogs

Answer 16

Bicornuate
Sub-lumbar ovaries but short mesovarium so position is dorsal
Straight horns
short body

Question 17

Describe the microstructure and function of the uterine tissue

Answer 17

Endometrium:
- Endometrial gland secretion (histotroph) into lumen - stimuated by progesterone
Myometrium:
- muscular layers involved in parturition and gamete transport

Question 18

Label the microstructure of the uterine tissue

Answer 18

Question 19

What is the role of the endometrium in pregnancy?

Answer 19

Question 20

What is the anatomy and function of the cervix?

Answer 20

Columnar, ciliated epithelium
Cervical rings/folds
Narrowed end of uterine body
Barrier for uterus
Produces mucous during oestrus

Question 21

What is the function of the mucous secretions of the cervix during oestrus?

Answer 21

Question 22

What are the species differences in cervical rings/folds?

Answer 22

Question 23

What changes in the mucous secretion of the cervix during pregnancy?

Answer 23

more viscous and glues folds together (Cervical seal of pregnancy) due to prolonged progesterone

Question 24

What are the subdivisions of the vagina?

Answer 24

Cranial vagina - closest to cervix
Caudal vagina - between cranial vagina and urethral orifice
Vestibule - between urethral orifice and vulva

Question 25

What is the cervical os?

Answer 25

Where the cervix protrudes into the vagina (important in catheterisation)

Question 26

What is the fornix vagina?

Answer 26

invagination where cervix and vagina meet

Question 27

Functions of the vagina/vestibule

Answer 27

copulation parturition micturition

Question 28

What is the embryological origin of the vagina?

Answer 28

paramesonephric ducts

Question 29

What is the embryological origin of the vestibule?

Answer 29

formed from urogenital sinus

Question 30

What is the hymen?

Answer 30

Effective seal formed from the vestibulo-vaginal junction

Question 31

Describe the anatomy of the vulva

Answer 31

2 labia with dorsal and ventral commissure Houses clitoris under a transverse frenulum Clitoral fossa surrounds clitoris

Question 32

What is the clinical relevance of the clitoris?

Answer 32

Can indicate when a mare is in oestrus (will avert clitoris) Site where multiple bacteria can be housed - used for swabbing

Question 33

What is the function of the broad ligament?

Answer 33

Question 34

Describe the components of the broad ligament

Answer 34

Question 35

What is the function of the suspensory ligament?

Answer 35

tethers ovary to dorsal abdominal cavity

Question 36

What is the function of the round ligament?

Answer 36

goes from tip of uterine horn, through inguinal canal, tho vulva prevents uterus from inverting

Question 37

What is the function of the proper ligament

Answer 37

Connects ovary to uterine horn

Question 38

What are the supporting ligaments of the female reproductive tract?

Answer 38

Broad Round Suspensory Proper

Question 39

Describe the utero-ovarian counter-current transport system

Answer 39

PGF2a secreted from endometrium Passes into ovarian vein PGF2a diffuses from ovarian vein to ovarian artery (facilitated by intertwining of BVs) High conc of PGF2a delivered to ovary

Question 40

Describe the innervation of the female reproductive tract

Answer 40

ANS Ovaries - sympathetic from mesenteric plexus Uterus, cervix, vagina - parasympathetic and sympathetic from pelvic plexus

Question 41

Label the female reproductive tract

Answer 41