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Medical Terminology > Female Reproduction System > Flashcards

Female Reproduction System Flashcards

1
Q

Cervic/o

A

Neck or cervix

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2
Q

Colp/o, vagin/o

A

Vagina (sheath)

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3
Q

Episi/o, vulv/o

A

Vulva (covering)

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4
Q

Gynec/o

A

Woman

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5
Q

Hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o

A

Uterus

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6
Q

Lact/o

A

Milk

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7
Q

Mast/o, mamm/o

A

Breast

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8
Q

Men/o

A

Menstruation

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9
Q

Obstetr/o

A

Midwife

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10
Q

Oophor/o, ovari/o

A

Ovary

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11
Q

Ov/i, ov/o

A

Egg

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12
Q

Pelv/i

A

Pelvis (basin); hip bone

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13
Q

Salping/o

A

Uterine (fallopian) tube; also, eustachian tube

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14
Q

Toc/o

A

Labor or birth

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15
Q

-arche

A

Beginning

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16
Q

Uterus

A

Womb; a pear-shaped organ in the pelvic cavity in which the embryo and fetus develops

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17
Q

Fundus

A

Upper portion of the uterus above the entry to the uterine tubes

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18
Q

Endometrium

A

Lining of the uterus, which is shed approx. every 28 to 30 days in a nonpregnant female during menstruation

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19
Q

Myometrium

A

Muscular wall of the uterus

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20
Q

Uterine tubes, Fallopian tubes

A

Tubes extending from each side of the uterus toward the ovary that provide a passage for ova to the uterus

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21
Q

Adnexa

A

Uterine tubes and ovaries (uterine appendages)

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22
Q

Right uterine appendage

A

Right tube and ovary

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23
Q

Left uterine appendage

A

Left tube and ovary

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24
Q

Ovary

A

One of the two glands located on each side of the pelvic cavity that produce ova and female sex hormones

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25
Q

Cervix

A

Opening of the cervix to the uterus

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26
Q

Vagina

A

Tubular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the body

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27
Q

Vulva

A

External genitalia of the female

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28
Q

Labia

A

Folds of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening; known as the labia majora and labia minora

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29
Q

Clitoris

A

Female erectile tissue in the anterior portion of the vulva

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30
Q

Hymen

A

Fold of mucous membrane that encircles the entrance to the vagina

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31
Q

Introitus

A

Entrance to the vagina

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32
Q

Bartholin glands

A

Two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse

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33
Q

Perineum

A

Region between the vulva and anus

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34
Q

Mammary glands

A

Two glands in the female breasts that are capable of producing milk

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35
Q

Mammary papilla

A

Nipple

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36
Q

Areola

A

Dark-pigmented area around the nipple

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37
Q

Embryo

A

The developing organism from fertilization to the end of the eighth week

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38
Q

Fetus

A

The developing organism from the ninth week to birth

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39
Q

Placenta

A

Vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy to provide nourishment for the fetus

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40
Q

Amnion, amniotic sac

A

Intestinal discharges of the fetus that form the first stools in the newborn

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41
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Absence of menstruation

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42
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstruation

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43
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Scanty menstrual period

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44
Q

Anovulation

A

Absence of ovulation

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45
Q

Dyspareunia

A

Painful intercourse

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46
Q

Leukorrhea

A

Abnormal white or yellow discharge

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47
Q

Menorrhagia

A

Excessive bleeding at the time of menstruation

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48
Q

Metorrhagia

A

Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation

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49
Q

Oligo-ovulation

A

Irregular ovulation

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50
Q

Cervicitis

A

Inflammation of the cervix

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51
Q

Congenital abnormalities, congenital irregularities

A

Birth defects that cause abnormal development of an organ or a structure

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52
Q

Dermoid cyst

A

Congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic tissue; typically found in an ovary and usually benign

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53
Q

Displacement of uterus

A

Displacement of the uterus from its normal position

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54
Q

Anteflexion

A

Abnormal forward bending of the uterus

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55
Q

Retroflexion

A

Abnormal backward bending of the uterus

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56
Q

Retroversion

A

Backward turn of the whole uterus; also called tipped uterus

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57
Q

Endometriosis

A

Condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity

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58
Q

Endometritis

A

Inflammation of the endometrium

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59
Q

Fibroid, fibromyoma, leiomyoma

A

Benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue

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60
Q

Fistula

A

Abnormal passage, such as one hollow organ to another

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61
Q

Rectovaginal fistula

A

Abnormal opening between the vagina and rectum

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62
Q

Vesicovaginal fistula

A

Abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina

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63
Q

Cervical neoplasia

A

Abnormal development of cervical tissue cells

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64
Q

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), cervical dysplasia

A

Potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation

CIN-1 mold dysplasia
CIN-2 moderate dysplasia
CIN3 severe dysplasia

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65
Q

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix

A

Malignant cell changes of the cervix that are localized, without any spread to adj structures

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66
Q

Menopause

A

Cessation of menstrual periods caused by lack of ovarian hormones

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67
Q

Oophoritis

A

Inflammation of one or both ovaries

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68
Q

Parovarian cyst

A

Cyst of the uterine tube (fallopian tube)

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69
Q

Pelvic adhesions

A

Scarring of tissue within the pelvic cavity resulting from endometriosis, infection, or injury

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70
Q

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

Inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity; usually includes the Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and endometrium; most often caused by bacteria

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71
Q

Pelvic floor relaxation

A

Relaxation of supportive ligaments of the pelvic organs

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72
Q

Cystocele

A

Pouching of the bladder into the vagina

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73
Q

Rectocele

A

Pouching of the rectum into the vagina

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74
Q

Enterocele

A

Pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina and the rectum

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75
Q

Urethrocele

A

Pouching of the urethra into the vagina

76
Q

Prolapse

A

Descent of uterus down the vaginal canal

77
Q

Salpingitis

A

Inflammation of the Fallopian tube

78
Q

Vaginitis

A

Inflammation of the vagina with redness, swelling, and irritation; often caused by specific organism, such as Candida (yeast) or Trichomonas (a sexually transmitted parasite)

79
Q

Atrophic vaginitis

A

Thinning of the vagina and loss of moisture because of depletion of estrogen, which causes inflammation of the tissue

80
Q

Vaginosis

A

Infection of the vagina, with little or no inflammation, characterized by a milk-like discharge and an unpleasant odor; also known as nonspecific vaginitis

81
Q

Adenocarcinoma of the breast

A

Malignant tumor of glandular breast tissue

82
Q

Amastia

A

Absence of a breast

83
Q

Fibrocystic breasts

A

Benign condition of the breast consisting of fibrous and cystic changes that render the tissue more dense; pt feels painful lumps that fluctuate with menstrual periods

84
Q

Gynecomastia

A

Development of mammary glands in the male caused by altered hormone levels

85
Q

Hypermastia, macromastia

A

Abnormally large breasts

86
Q

Hypomastia, micromastia

A

Unusually small breasts

87
Q

Mastitis

A

Inflammation of the breast; most commonly occurs in women who are breastfeeding

88
Q

Polymastia

A

Presence of more than two breasts

89
Q

Polythelia, supernumerary nipples

A

Presence of more than one nipple on a breats

90
Q

Aspiration biopsy, needle biopsy

A

Needle draw of tissue or fluid from a cavity for cytologic examination

91
Q

Endoscopic biopsy

A

Removal of a specimen for biopsy during an endoscopic procedure

92
Q

Stereotactic breast biopsy

A

Use of x-ray imaging, a specialized Sterotactic frame, and a computer to calculate, precisely locate, and direct a needle into a breast lesion to remove a core specimen for biopsy

93
Q

Sentinel node breast biopsy

A

Biopsy of the sentinel node (the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from a tumor) in a breast with early cancer to determine metastases and, if no malignancy is found, to avoid the extensive removal of axillary nodes, which causes lymphedema (swelling under the arms); includes radionuclide imaging to locate the sentinel node (sentinel refers to guarding a point of entry

94
Q

Colposcopy

A

Examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope, a specialized microscope which often has a camera attachment for photographs; used to document findings and for follow-up treatments

95
Q

Hysteroscopy

A

Use of a hysteroscope to examine the intrauterine cavity for assessment of abnormalities

96
Q

Papanicolaou (pap) smear

A

Study of cells collected from the cervix to screen for cancer and other abnormalities

97
Q

Hysterosalpingogram

A

X-ray of the Fallopian tubes after injection of a contrast medium through the cervix; used to determine tubal patency (openness)

98
Q

Mammogram

A

Low-dose x-ray imaging of breast tissue to detect neoplasms

99
Q

Pelvic sonography

A

Ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis

100
Q

Endovaginal sonogram, transvaginal sonogram

A

Ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries made with the ultrasonic transducer within the vagina to detect conditions such as ectopic pregnancy or missed abortion

101
Q

Sonohysterogram, hysterosonogram, saline infusion sonogram

A

Transvaginal sonographic image made as sterile saline is injected into the uterus; used to assess uterine pathology or determine tubal patency

102
Q

Transabdominal sonogram

A

Ultrasound image of the lower abdomen, including the bladder, uterus, tubes, and ovaries, to detect conditions such as cysts and tumors

103
Q

Adhesiolysis, adhesiotomy

A

Breaking down or severing of pelvic adhesions

104
Q

Cervical conization

A

Removal of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix

105
Q

Colporrhaphy

A

Suture to repair the vagina

106
Q

Coloporrhaphy anterior

A

Repair of a cystocele

107
Q

Coloporrhaphy posterior repair

A

Repair of a rectocele

108
Q

Coloporrhaphy A & P repair

A

Anterior and posterior repair of cystocele and rectocele

109
Q

Cryosurgery

A

Method of destroying tissue by freezing; used for treating dysplasia and early cancers

110
Q

Dilation and curettage (D & C)

A

Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium to control bleeding, to obtain tissue for biopsy, or to remove polyps or products of conception

111
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Removal of the uterus

112
Q

Abdominal hysterectomy

A

Removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen

113
Q

Vaginal hysterectomy

A

Removal of the uterus through the vagina

114
Q

Total hysterectomy

A

Removal of the uterus and the cervxi

115
Q

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), large-loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ)

A

Use of electrosurgical or radio waves transformed through a loop-configured electrosurgical device to treat precancerous cervical lesions by simultaneous excisional biopsy and treatment of affected tissue

116
Q

Myomectomy

A

Excision of fibroid tumors

117
Q

Oophorectomy

A

Excision of an ovary

118
Q

Ovarian cystectomy

A

Excision of an ovarian cyst

119
Q

Salpingectomy

A

Excision of a uterine tube

120
Q

Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy

A

Excision of both uterine tubes and ovaries

121
Q

Salpingotomy

A

Incision into a Fallopian tube; often performed to remove an ectopic pregnancy

122
Q

Salpingostomy

A

Creation of an opening in the Fallopian tube to open a blockage

123
Q

Tubal ligation

A

Sterilization of a woman by cutting and tying the uterine tubes

124
Q

Lumpectomy

A

Excision of a breast tumor without removing any other tissue or lymph nodes; usually followed by radiation or chemotherapy if the tumor is cancerous

125
Q

Mastectomy

A

Removal of a breast

126
Q

Simple mastectomy

A

Removal of an entire breast but with the underlying muscle and axillary lymph nodes left intact

127
Q

Radial mastectomy

A

Removal of an entire breast along with the underlying chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes

128
Q

Modified radial mastectomy

A

Removal of an entire breast and lymph nodes of the axilla

129
Q

Mammoplasty

A

Surgical reconstruction of a breast

130
Q

Augmentation mammoplasty

A

Reconstruction to enlarge the breast, often by insertion of an implant

131
Q

Reduction mammoplasty

A

Reconstruction to remove excessive breast tissue

132
Q

Mastopexy

A

Elevation of pendulous breast tissue

133
Q

Hormonal contraceptives

A

Hormones used to prevent conception by suppressing ovulation

134
Q

Oral contraceptive pill

A

Birth control pill

135
Q

Contraceptive injection

A

Injection of a contraceptive hormone into the body

136
Q

Contraceptive implant

A

Insertion of a contraceptive capsule under the skin to provide a continual infusion over an extended period

137
Q

Barrier contraceptives

A

Products that provide a physical barrier to prevent contraception

138
Q

Intrauterine device (IUD)

A

Contraceptive device inserted into the uterus that prevents implantation of a fertilized egg

139
Q

Spermicidals

A

Creams, jellies, lotions, or foams containing agents that kill sperm

140
Q

Gravida

A

A pregnant woman; gravida followed by a number indicates the number of pregnancies

141
Q

Nulligravida

A

Having never been pregnant

142
Q

Primigravida

A

First pregnancy

143
Q

Para

A

To bear; a women who has produced one or more viable offspring; para followed by a number indicates the number of times a pregnancy has resulted in a single or multiple birth

144
Q

Nullipara

A

A woman who has not borne a child

145
Q

Primipara

A

First delivery

146
Q

Multipara

A

A woman who has given birth to two or more children

147
Q

Cervical effacement

A

Progressive obliteration of the endocervical canal during delivery

148
Q

Estimated date of confinement (EDC), estimated date of delivery (EDD)

A

Expected date for delivery of the baby; normally 280 days or 40 weeks from the last menstrual period

149
Q

Meconium staining

A

Presence of meconium in amniotic fluid

150
Q

Ruptured membranes

A

Rupture of the amniotic sac, usually at onset of labor

151
Q

Macrosomia

A

Large-bodied baby, commonly seen in diabetic pregnancies

152
Q

Polyhydramnios

A

Excessive amniotic fluid

153
Q

Abortion

A

Expulsion of the products of conception before the fetus is viable

154
Q

Spontaneous abortion

A

Miscarriage; naturally occurring expulsion of the products of conception

155
Q

Habitual abortion

A

Spontaneous abortion occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies

156
Q

Incomplete abortion

A

Incomplete expulsion of the products of conception

157
Q

Missed abortion

A

Death of a fetus or embryo within the uterus that is not naturally expelled after death

158
Q

Threatened abortion

A

Bleeding with the threat of miscarriage

159
Q

Cephalopelvic disproportion

A

Condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal; either the baby’s head is too large or the birth canal is too small

160
Q

Eclampsia

A

True toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, dizziness, convulsions, edema of the legs and feet, severe headaches, and coma

161
Q

Preeclampsia, pregnancy induced hypertension

A

Toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, and puffiness of the face, without convulsion or coma

162
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, often in the tube or ovary, or, rarely, in the abdominal cavity

163
Q

Hyperemesis gravidarum

A

Severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus

164
Q

Meconium aspiration

A

Fetal aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium

165
Q

Placenta previa

A

Displaced attachment of the placenta in the lower region of the uterine cavity

166
Q

Abruptio placentae

A

Premature detachment of a normally situated placenta

167
Q

Chorionic villus sampling

A

Sampling of placental tissue for microscopic and chemical examination to detect fetal abnormalities

168
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis of possible fetal abnormalities

169
Q

Fetal monitoring

A

Use of an electronic device for simultaneous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions

170
Q

Pelvimetry

A

Obstetric measurement of the pelvis to evaluate proper conditions for vaginal delivery

171
Q

Pregnancy test

A

Test performed in urine or blood to detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (secreted by the placenta), which indicates pregnancy

172
Q

Pelvic sonography

A

Ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis

173
Q

Endovaginal sonogram

A

Ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries made after introduction of an ultrasonic transducer within the vagina; useful for detecting pathology

174
Q

Obstetric sonogram

A

Ultrasound image of the pregnant uterus to determine fetal development

175
Q

Cesarean section

A

Surgical delivery of a baby via an incision through the abdomen and into the uterus

176
Q

Dilation and evacuation (D&E)

A

Dilation of the cervix and removal of the products of conception; most commonly performed in the second trimester of pregnancy, after a missed abortion

177
Q

Episiotomy

A

Incision of the perineum to facilitate delivery of a baby

178
Q

Amniounfusion

A

Intro of a solution into the amniotic sac; an isotonic solution is most commonly used to relive fetal distress

179
Q

Therapeutic abortion

A

Abortion induced by mechanical means or by drugs for medial reasons

180
Q

Version

A

Manual method for reversing the position of the fetus, usually done to facilitate delivery

181
Q

External version

A

Abdominal manipulation

182
Q

Internal version

A

Intravaginal manipulation

183
Q

Abortifacient

A

Drug that causes abortion

184
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes myometrial contraction; used to induce labor

185
Q

Rh immune globulin

A

Immunizing agent given to an Rh negative mother within 72hrs after delivering an Rh positive baby to suppress the Rh immune response

186
Q

Tocolytic agent

A

Drug used to stop labor contractions

Medical Terminology (15 decks)

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