Female Reproduction System Flashcards
(186 cards)
1
Q
Cervic/o
A
Neck or cervix
2
Q
Colp/o, vagin/o
A
Vagina (sheath)
3
Q
Episi/o, vulv/o
A
Vulva (covering)
4
Q
Gynec/o
A
Woman
5
Q
Hyster/o, metr/o, uter/o
A
Uterus
6
Q
Lact/o
A
Milk
7
Q
Mast/o, mamm/o
A
Breast
8
Q
Men/o
A
Menstruation
9
Q
Obstetr/o
A
Midwife
10
Q
Oophor/o, ovari/o
A
Ovary
11
Q
Ov/i, ov/o
A
Egg
12
Q
Pelv/i
A
Pelvis (basin); hip bone
13
Q
Salping/o
A
Uterine (fallopian) tube; also, eustachian tube
14
Q
Toc/o
A
Labor or birth
15
Q
-arche
A
Beginning
16
Q
Uterus
A
Womb; a pear-shaped organ in the pelvic cavity in which the embryo and fetus develops
17
Q
Fundus
A
Upper portion of the uterus above the entry to the uterine tubes
18
Q
Endometrium
A
Lining of the uterus, which is shed approx. every 28 to 30 days in a nonpregnant female during menstruation
19
Q
Myometrium
A
Muscular wall of the uterus
20
Q
Uterine tubes, Fallopian tubes
A
Tubes extending from each side of the uterus toward the ovary that provide a passage for ova to the uterus
21
Q
Adnexa
A
Uterine tubes and ovaries (uterine appendages)
22
Q
Right uterine appendage
A
Right tube and ovary
23
Q
Left uterine appendage
A
Left tube and ovary
24
Q
Ovary
A
One of the two glands located on each side of the pelvic cavity that produce ova and female sex hormones
25
Cervix
Opening of the cervix to the uterus
26
Vagina
Tubular passageway from the cervix to the outside of the body
27
Vulva
External genitalia of the female
28
Labia
Folds of tissue on either side of the vaginal opening; known as the labia majora and labia minora
29
Clitoris
Female erectile tissue in the anterior portion of the vulva
30
Hymen
Fold of mucous membrane that encircles the entrance to the vagina
31
Introitus
Entrance to the vagina
32
Bartholin glands
Two glands located on either side of the vaginal opening that secrete a lubricant during intercourse
33
Perineum
Region between the vulva and anus
34
Mammary glands
Two glands in the female breasts that are capable of producing milk
35
Mammary papilla
Nipple
36
Areola
Dark-pigmented area around the nipple
37
Embryo
The developing organism from fertilization to the end of the eighth week
38
Fetus
The developing organism from the ninth week to birth
39
Placenta
Vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy to provide nourishment for the fetus
40
Amnion, amniotic sac
Intestinal discharges of the fetus that form the first stools in the newborn
41
Amenorrhea
Absence of menstruation
42
Dysmenorrhea
Painful menstruation
43
Oligomenorrhea
Scanty menstrual period
44
Anovulation
Absence of ovulation
45
Dyspareunia
Painful intercourse
46
Leukorrhea
Abnormal white or yellow discharge
47
Menorrhagia
Excessive bleeding at the time of menstruation
48
Metorrhagia
Bleeding from the uterus at any time other than normal menstruation
49
Oligo-ovulation
Irregular ovulation
50
Cervicitis
Inflammation of the cervix
51
Congenital abnormalities, congenital irregularities
Birth defects that cause abnormal development of an organ or a structure
52
Dermoid cyst
Congenital tumor composed of displaced embryonic tissue; typically found in an ovary and usually benign
53
Displacement of uterus
Displacement of the uterus from its normal position
54
Anteflexion
Abnormal forward bending of the uterus
55
Retroflexion
Abnormal backward bending of the uterus
56
Retroversion
Backward turn of the whole uterus; also called tipped uterus
57
Endometriosis
Condition characterized by migration of portions of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity
58
Endometritis
Inflammation of the endometrium
59
Fibroid, fibromyoma, leiomyoma
Benign tumor in the uterus composed of smooth muscle and fibrous connective tissue
60
Fistula
Abnormal passage, such as one hollow organ to another
61
Rectovaginal fistula
Abnormal opening between the vagina and rectum
62
Vesicovaginal fistula
Abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina
63
Cervical neoplasia
Abnormal development of cervical tissue cells
64
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), cervical dysplasia
Potentially cancerous abnormality of epithelial tissue of the cervix, graded according to the extent of abnormal cell formation
CIN-1 mold dysplasia
CIN-2 moderate dysplasia
CIN3 severe dysplasia
65
Carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the cervix
Malignant cell changes of the cervix that are localized, without any spread to adj structures
66
Menopause
Cessation of menstrual periods caused by lack of ovarian hormones
67
Oophoritis
Inflammation of one or both ovaries
68
Parovarian cyst
Cyst of the uterine tube (fallopian tube)
69
Pelvic adhesions
Scarring of tissue within the pelvic cavity resulting from endometriosis, infection, or injury
70
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
Inflammation of organs in the pelvic cavity; usually includes the Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and endometrium; most often caused by bacteria
71
Pelvic floor relaxation
Relaxation of supportive ligaments of the pelvic organs
72
Cystocele
Pouching of the bladder into the vagina
73
Rectocele
Pouching of the rectum into the vagina
74
Enterocele
Pouching sac of peritoneum between the vagina and the rectum
75
Urethrocele
Pouching of the urethra into the vagina
76
Prolapse
Descent of uterus down the vaginal canal
77
Salpingitis
Inflammation of the Fallopian tube
78
Vaginitis
Inflammation of the vagina with redness, swelling, and irritation; often caused by specific organism, such as Candida (yeast) or Trichomonas (a sexually transmitted parasite)
79
Atrophic vaginitis
Thinning of the vagina and loss of moisture because of depletion of estrogen, which causes inflammation of the tissue
80
Vaginosis
Infection of the vagina, with little or no inflammation, characterized by a milk-like discharge and an unpleasant odor; also known as nonspecific vaginitis
81
Adenocarcinoma of the breast
Malignant tumor of glandular breast tissue
82
Amastia
Absence of a breast
83
Fibrocystic breasts
Benign condition of the breast consisting of fibrous and cystic changes that render the tissue more dense; pt feels painful lumps that fluctuate with menstrual periods
84
Gynecomastia
Development of mammary glands in the male caused by altered hormone levels
85
Hypermastia, macromastia
Abnormally large breasts
86
Hypomastia, micromastia
Unusually small breasts
87
Mastitis
Inflammation of the breast; most commonly occurs in women who are breastfeeding
88
Polymastia
Presence of more than two breasts
89
Polythelia, supernumerary nipples
Presence of more than one nipple on a breats
90
Aspiration biopsy, needle biopsy
Needle draw of tissue or fluid from a cavity for cytologic examination
91
Endoscopic biopsy
Removal of a specimen for biopsy during an endoscopic procedure
92
Stereotactic breast biopsy
Use of x-ray imaging, a specialized Sterotactic frame, and a computer to calculate, precisely locate, and direct a needle into a breast lesion to remove a core specimen for biopsy
93
Sentinel node breast biopsy
Biopsy of the sentinel node (the first lymph node to receive lymphatic drainage from a tumor) in a breast with early cancer to determine metastases and, if no malignancy is found, to avoid the extensive removal of axillary nodes, which causes lymphedema (swelling under the arms); includes radionuclide imaging to locate the sentinel node (sentinel refers to guarding a point of entry
94
Colposcopy
Examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope, a specialized microscope which often has a camera attachment for photographs; used to document findings and for follow-up treatments
95
Hysteroscopy
Use of a hysteroscope to examine the intrauterine cavity for assessment of abnormalities
96
Papanicolaou (pap) smear
Study of cells collected from the cervix to screen for cancer and other abnormalities
97
Hysterosalpingogram
X-ray of the Fallopian tubes after injection of a contrast medium through the cervix; used to determine tubal patency (openness)
98
Mammogram
Low-dose x-ray imaging of breast tissue to detect neoplasms
99
Pelvic sonography
Ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis
100
Endovaginal sonogram, transvaginal sonogram
Ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries made with the ultrasonic transducer within the vagina to detect conditions such as ectopic pregnancy or missed abortion
101
Sonohysterogram, hysterosonogram, saline infusion sonogram
Transvaginal sonographic image made as sterile saline is injected into the uterus; used to assess uterine pathology or determine tubal patency
102
Transabdominal sonogram
Ultrasound image of the lower abdomen, including the bladder, uterus, tubes, and ovaries, to detect conditions such as cysts and tumors
103
Adhesiolysis, adhesiotomy
Breaking down or severing of pelvic adhesions
104
Cervical conization
Removal of a cone-shaped portion of the cervix
105
Colporrhaphy
Suture to repair the vagina
106
Coloporrhaphy anterior
Repair of a cystocele
107
Coloporrhaphy posterior repair
Repair of a rectocele
108
Coloporrhaphy A & P repair
Anterior and posterior repair of cystocele and rectocele
109
Cryosurgery
Method of destroying tissue by freezing; used for treating dysplasia and early cancers
110
Dilation and curettage (D & C)
Dilation of the cervix and scraping of the endometrium to control bleeding, to obtain tissue for biopsy, or to remove polyps or products of conception
111
Hysterectomy
Removal of the uterus
112
Abdominal hysterectomy
Removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen
113
Vaginal hysterectomy
Removal of the uterus through the vagina
114
Total hysterectomy
Removal of the uterus and the cervxi
115
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP), large-loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ)
Use of electrosurgical or radio waves transformed through a loop-configured electrosurgical device to treat precancerous cervical lesions by simultaneous excisional biopsy and treatment of affected tissue
116
Myomectomy
Excision of fibroid tumors
117
Oophorectomy
Excision of an ovary
118
Ovarian cystectomy
Excision of an ovarian cyst
119
Salpingectomy
Excision of a uterine tube
120
Bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
Excision of both uterine tubes and ovaries
121
Salpingotomy
Incision into a Fallopian tube; often performed to remove an ectopic pregnancy
122
Salpingostomy
Creation of an opening in the Fallopian tube to open a blockage
123
Tubal ligation
Sterilization of a woman by cutting and tying the uterine tubes
124
Lumpectomy
Excision of a breast tumor without removing any other tissue or lymph nodes; usually followed by radiation or chemotherapy if the tumor is cancerous
125
Mastectomy
Removal of a breast
126
Simple mastectomy
Removal of an entire breast but with the underlying muscle and axillary lymph nodes left intact
127
Radial mastectomy
Removal of an entire breast along with the underlying chest muscles and axillary lymph nodes
128
Modified radial mastectomy
Removal of an entire breast and lymph nodes of the axilla
129
Mammoplasty
Surgical reconstruction of a breast
130
Augmentation mammoplasty
Reconstruction to enlarge the breast, often by insertion of an implant
131
Reduction mammoplasty
Reconstruction to remove excessive breast tissue
132
Mastopexy
Elevation of pendulous breast tissue
133
Hormonal contraceptives
Hormones used to prevent conception by suppressing ovulation
134
Oral contraceptive pill
Birth control pill
135
Contraceptive injection
Injection of a contraceptive hormone into the body
136
Contraceptive implant
Insertion of a contraceptive capsule under the skin to provide a continual infusion over an extended period
137
Barrier contraceptives
Products that provide a physical barrier to prevent contraception
138
Intrauterine device (IUD)
Contraceptive device inserted into the uterus that prevents implantation of a fertilized egg
139
Spermicidals
Creams, jellies, lotions, or foams containing agents that kill sperm
140
Gravida
A pregnant woman; gravida followed by a number indicates the number of pregnancies
141
Nulligravida
Having never been pregnant
142
Primigravida
First pregnancy
143
Para
To bear; a women who has produced one or more viable offspring; para followed by a number indicates the number of times a pregnancy has resulted in a single or multiple birth
144
Nullipara
A woman who has not borne a child
145
Primipara
First delivery
146
Multipara
A woman who has given birth to two or more children
147
Cervical effacement
Progressive obliteration of the endocervical canal during delivery
148
Estimated date of confinement (EDC), estimated date of delivery (EDD)
Expected date for delivery of the baby; normally 280 days or 40 weeks from the last menstrual period
149
Meconium staining
Presence of meconium in amniotic fluid
150
Ruptured membranes
Rupture of the amniotic sac, usually at onset of labor
151
Macrosomia
Large-bodied baby, commonly seen in diabetic pregnancies
152
Polyhydramnios
Excessive amniotic fluid
153
Abortion
Expulsion of the products of conception before the fetus is viable
154
Spontaneous abortion
Miscarriage; naturally occurring expulsion of the products of conception
155
Habitual abortion
Spontaneous abortion occurring in three or more consecutive pregnancies
156
Incomplete abortion
Incomplete expulsion of the products of conception
157
Missed abortion
Death of a fetus or embryo within the uterus that is not naturally expelled after death
158
Threatened abortion
Bleeding with the threat of miscarriage
159
Cephalopelvic disproportion
Condition preventing normal delivery through the birth canal; either the baby’s head is too large or the birth canal is too small
160
Eclampsia
True toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, dizziness, convulsions, edema of the legs and feet, severe headaches, and coma
161
Preeclampsia, pregnancy induced hypertension
Toxemia of pregnancy characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria, edema of the legs and feet, and puffiness of the face, without convulsion or coma
162
Ectopic pregnancy
Implantation of the fertilized egg outside the uterine cavity, often in the tube or ovary, or, rarely, in the abdominal cavity
163
Hyperemesis gravidarum
Severe nausea and vomiting in pregnancy that can cause severe dehydration in the mother and fetus
164
Meconium aspiration
Fetal aspiration of amniotic fluid containing meconium
165
Placenta previa
Displaced attachment of the placenta in the lower region of the uterine cavity
166
Abruptio placentae
Premature detachment of a normally situated placenta
167
Chorionic villus sampling
Sampling of placental tissue for microscopic and chemical examination to detect fetal abnormalities
168
Amniocentesis
Aspiration of a small amount of amniotic fluid for analysis of possible fetal abnormalities
169
Fetal monitoring
Use of an electronic device for simultaneous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions
170
Pelvimetry
Obstetric measurement of the pelvis to evaluate proper conditions for vaginal delivery
171
Pregnancy test
Test performed in urine or blood to detect the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (secreted by the placenta), which indicates pregnancy
172
Pelvic sonography
Ultrasound imaging of the female pelvis
173
Endovaginal sonogram
Ultrasound image of the uterus, tubes, and ovaries made after introduction of an ultrasonic transducer within the vagina; useful for detecting pathology
174
Obstetric sonogram
Ultrasound image of the pregnant uterus to determine fetal development
175
Cesarean section
Surgical delivery of a baby via an incision through the abdomen and into the uterus
176
Dilation and evacuation (D&E)
Dilation of the cervix and removal of the products of conception; most commonly performed in the second trimester of pregnancy, after a missed abortion
177
Episiotomy
Incision of the perineum to facilitate delivery of a baby
178
Amniounfusion
Intro of a solution into the amniotic sac; an isotonic solution is most commonly used to relive fetal distress
179
Therapeutic abortion
Abortion induced by mechanical means or by drugs for medial reasons
180
Version
Manual method for reversing the position of the fetus, usually done to facilitate delivery
181
External version
Abdominal manipulation
182
Internal version
Intravaginal manipulation
183
Abortifacient
Drug that causes abortion
184
Oxytocin
Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes myometrial contraction; used to induce labor
185
Rh immune globulin
Immunizing agent given to an Rh negative mother within 72hrs after delivering an Rh positive baby to suppress the Rh immune response
186
Tocolytic agent
Drug used to stop labor contractions
