Urinary System Flashcards
(109 cards)
1
Q
Albumin/o
A
Protein
2
Q
Bacteri/o
A
Bacteria
3
Q
Cyst/o, vesic/o
A
Bladder or sac
4
Q
Dips/o
A
Thirst
5
Q
Glomerul/o
A
Glomerulus (small ball)
6
Q
Ket/o, keton/o
A
Ketone bodies
7
Q
Lith/o
A
Stone
8
Q
Meat/o
A
Meatus (opening)
9
Q
Nephr/o, ren/o
A
Kidney
10
Q
Pyel/o
A
Renal pelvis (basin)
11
Q
Py/o
A
Pus
12
Q
Ureter/o
A
Ureter
13
Q
Urethr/o
A
Urethra
14
Q
Ur/o, urin/o
A
Urine
15
Q
Kidneys
A
Two structures located on each side of the lumbar region that filter blood and secrete impurities, forming urine
16
Q
Cortex
A
Outer part of the kidney
17
Q
Hilum
A
Indented opening in the kidney where vessels enter and leave
18
Q
Medulla
A
Inner part of the kidney
19
Q
Calices or calyces
A
Ducts that carry urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis
20
Q
Nephron
A
Microscopic functional units of the kidney, compromised of kidney cells and capillaries, each of which is capable of forming urine
21
Q
Glomerulus
A
Small, ball-shaped cluster of capillaries located at the top of each nephron
22
Q
Bowman capsule
A
Top part of the nephron that encloses the glomerulus
23
Q
Renal tubule
A
Stem portion of the nephron
24
Q
Ureter
A
Tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
25
Renal pelvis
Basin-like portion of the ureter within the kidney
26
Ureteropelvic junction
Point of connection between the renal pelvis and the ureter
27
Urinary bladder
Sac that holds the urine
28
Urethra
Single canal that carries urine outside of the body
29
Urethral meatus
Opening in the urethra to the outside of the body
30
Urine
Fluid produced by the kidneys, containing water and waste products
31
Urea
Waste product formed in the liver, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in urine
32
Creatine
Waste product of muscle metabolism, filtered out of the blood by the kidneys, and excreted in the urine
33
Albuminuria
Presence of albumin in the urine, such as occurs in renal disease or in normal urine after heavy exercise
34
Anuria
Absence of urine formation
35
Bacteriuria
Presence of bacteria in the urine
36
Dysuria
Painful urination
37
Enuresis
Involuntary discharge of urine, usually referring to a lack of bladder control
38
Nocturnal enuresis
Bed-wetting during sleep
39
Glucosuria, glycosuria
Glucose in the urine
40
Hematuria
Presence of blood in the urine
41
Incontinence
Involuntary discharge of urine or feces
42
Stress urinary incontinence
Involuntary discharge of urine with couching, sneezing, and/or strained exercise
43
Ketonuria
Presence of ketone bodies in the urine
44
Ketone bodies, ketone compounds
Acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoactetic acid; products of metabolism that appear in the urine from the body’s abnormal utilization or carbs, such as occurs in uncontrolled diabetes or starvation
45
Nocturia
Urination at night
46
Oligouria
Scanty production of urine
47
Polyuria
Condition of excessive urination
48
Pyuria
Presence of white blood cells in the urine, usually indicating infection
49
Urinary retention
Retention of urine resulting from an inability to void (urinate) naturally because of spasm or obstruction
50
Adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD)
Inherited condition of multiple cysts that gradually form in the kidney, causing destruction of normal tissue that leads to renal failure; diagnosed in adults presenting with HTN, kidney enlargement, and recurrent UTIs
51
Glomerulonephritis
Form of nephritis involving the glomerulus
52
Hydronephrosis
Pooling of urine in dilated areas of the renal pelvis and calices of one or both kidneys caused by an obstructed outflow of urine
53
Nephritis
Inflammation of the kidney
54
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the renal pelvis
55
Nephrosis
Degenerative disease of the renal tubules
56
Nephrolithiasis
Presence of a renal stone or stones
57
Cystitis
Inflammation of the bladder
58
Urethritis
Inflammation of the urethra
59
Urethrocystitis
Inflammation of the urethra and bladder
60
Urethral stenosis
Narrowed condition of the urethra
61
UTI
Invasion of pathogenic organisms (commonly bacteria) in the urinary tract, especially the urethra and bladder; symptoms may include dysuria, urinary frequency, and malaise
62
Uremia, azotemia
Excess of urea and other nitrogenous waste in the blood caused by kidney failure
63
Cytoscopy
Examination of the bladder using a rigid or flexible cystoscope
64
Intravenous pyelogram, intravenous urogram
X-ray image of the urinary tract obtained after an iodine contrast medium has been injected into the bloodstream; the contrast passes through the kidney and may reveal an obstruction, evidence of trauma,etc
65
Kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)
Abdominal x-ray image of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder; typically used as a scout film before obtaining an intravenous pyelogram (IVP)
66
Scout film
Plain-film x-ray image obtained to detect any obvious pathology before further imaging
67
Renal angiogram, renal arteriogram
X-ray image of the renal artery obtained after injecting contrast material into a catheter in the artery
68
Retrograde pyelogram, retrograde urogram
X-ray image of the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis obtained after contrast medium has been injected up to the kidney by way of a small catheter passed through a cystoscope; used to detect the presence of stones, obstructions, etc
69
Voiding cystourethrogram
X-ray image of the bladder and urethra obtained during urination
70
Abdominal sonogram
Abdominal ultrasound image of the urinary tract, including the kidney and bladder
71
Urinalysis
Physical, Chemical, And microscopic examination of urine
72
Specific gravity (SpGr)
Measure of the concentration or dilution of urine
73
Albumin, protien
Chemical test used to detect the presence of albumin in the urine
74
Ketones
Chemical test used to detect the presence of ketone bodies in the urine; positive test indicates that fats are being used by the body instead of carbs, which occurs during starvation or an uncontrolled diabetic state
75
Urine occult blood
Chemical test for the presence of hidden blood in the urine resulting from RBC hemolysis; indicates bleeding in the kidneys
76
Bilirubin
Chemical test used to detect bilirubin in the urine; seen in gallbladder and liver disease
77
Urobilinogen
Chemical test used to detect bile pigment in the urine; increased amounts are seen in gallbladder and liver disease
78
Nitrite
Chemical test to determine the presence of bacteria in the urine
79
Microscopic findings
Microscopic identification of abnormal constituents in the urine
80
Urine culture and sensitivity
Isolation of a urine specimen in a culture medium to propagate the growth of microorganisms; organisms that grow in the culture are identified as are drugs to which they are sensitive
81
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Blood test t determine the level of urea in the blood; a high BUN indicates the inability of one or both kidneys to excrete urea
82
Creatinine, serum
Test to determine the level of creatinine in the blood; useful in assessing kidney function
83
Creatinine, urine
Test to determine the level of creatinine in the urine
84
Creatinine clearance testing
Measurements of the level of creatinine in the blood and in a 24hr urine specimen to determine the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidneys
85
Urologic endoscopic surgery
Use of specialized endoscopes within the urinary tract to perform various surgical procedures, such as resection of a tumor, repair of an obstruction, stone retrieval, placement of a stent, etc
86
Resectoscope
Urologic endoscope inserted through through the urethra to resect lesions of the bladder, urethra, or prostate
87
Intracorporeal lithotripsy
Method of destroying stones within the urinary tract using discharges of electrical energy that are transmitted to a probe within a flexible endoscope; most commonly used to pulverize bladder stones
88
Nephrotomy
Incision into the kidney
89
Nephrorrhaphy
Suture of an injured kidney
90
Nephrolithotomy
Incision into the kidney for the removal of stones
91
Nephrectomy
Excision of a kidney
92
Pyeloplasty
Surgical reconstruction of the renal pelvis
93
Stent placement
Use of a stent to hold open vessels or tubes
94
Urinary diversion
Creation of a temporary or permanent diversion of the urinary tract to provide a new passage through which urine exits the body; used to rest defects or diseases
95
Noncontinent ileal conduit
Removal of a portion of the ileum to use as a conduit to which the ureters are attached at one end; the other end is brought through an opening (stoma) created in the abdomen; urine drains continually into an external appliance (bag); noncontinent indicates that urine cannot be held and drains continually
96
Continent urostomy
An internal reservoir (pouch) constructed from a segment of intestine that diverts urine through n opening (stoma) that is brought through the abdominal wall; a valve is created internally to prevent leakage, and the patient empties the pouch by catheterization; continent refers to the ability to hold or retain urine
97
Orthotopic bladder, neobladder
Bladder constructed from portions of intestine connected to the urethra, allowing “natural” voiding
98
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Procedure using ultrasound outside the body to bombard and disintegrate a stone within; most commonly used to treat urinary stones above the bladder
99
Kidney dialysis
Methods of filtering impurities from the blood, replacing the function of one or both kidneys lost in renal failure
100
Hemodialysis
Method of removing impurities by pumping the pts blood through a dialyzer, the specialized filter of the artificial kidney machine (hemodialyzer)
101
Peritoneal dialysis
Method of removing impurities using the peritoneum as the filter; a catheter inserted in the peritoneal cavity delivers cleansing fluid (dialysate) that is washed in and out of cycles
102
Urinary catheterization
Methods of placing a tube into the bladder to drain or collect urine
103
Straight catheter
A type of catheter that is inserted through the urethra into the bladder to relieve urinary retention or to collect a sterile specimen of urine for testing; the catheter is removed immediately after the procedure
104
Foley catheter
Indwelling catheter inserted through the urethra and into the bladder that includes a collection system allowing urine to be drained into a bag; the catheter can remain in place for an extended period
105
Suprapubic catheter
Indwelling catheter inserted directly in the bladder through an abdominal incision above the pubic bone that includes a collection system that allows urine to be drained into a bag; used in pts requiring long term catheterization
106
Analgesic
Drug that relieves pain
107
Antibiotic
Drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms
108
Antispasmodic
Drug that relieves spasm
109
Diuretic
Drug that increases the secretion of urine
