Feminists on Crime and Deviance

Question 1

Who said a patriarchal society imposes more social control on women?

Answer 1

Heidensohn

Question 2

Name a way girls are taught to act in primary socialisation

Answer 2

Nurturing

Question 3

What does more social control under a patriarchy result in for frequency of female crimes?

Answer 3

Women commit less crimes than men

Question 4

Name a way boys are taught to act in primary socialisation

Answer 4

Aggressive

Question 4

Name 2 crimes women are less likely to commit

Answer 4

Murder, Assault

Question 5

What did Heidensohn say is the impact of girls being taught about sexual violence?

Answer 5

They are less likely to go out as often

Question 6

Name a type of crime women will be less likely to commit by spending more time at home

Answer 6

Corporate crimes

Question 7

Which Feminist said there were 2 parts of primary socialisation preventing girls from committing crimes?

Answer 7

Oakley

Question 8

According to Oakley, what are the 2 parts of primary socialisation preventing girls from committing crime?

Answer 8

Canalisation and Verbal Appellations

Question 9

What would Marxists say Feminists focus too much on?

Answer 9

Gender

Question 9

How does Canalisation make girls commit less crimes?

Answer 9

They are given toys which do not encourage aggressiveness

Question 9

How do Verbal Appellations like “pretty girl” make girls commit less crime?

Answer 9

They make girls want to focus on their beauty

Question 10

What does it mean if Feminists focus too much on gender for Marxists?

Answer 10

They ignore how class can make people commit crime

Question 10

How could McRobbie’s concept support Heidensohn’s observations?

Answer 10

Girls will spend more time inside so will follow the bedroom culture

Question 11

What did Taylor Walton and Young say?

Answer 11

Working class people committed crimes to distribute wealth from the rich to the poor

Question 11

Who created the idea of the “Deals” in society?

Answer 11

Carlen

Question 12

What 2 “Deals” are women given in society?

Answer 12

The Class Deal and the Gender Deal

Question 13

What is the gender deal?

Answer 13

The idea that if women conform to their gender roles then they will receive emotional rewards

Question 13

What is the class deal?

Answer 13

The idea that if women work hard they will be rewarded with a good income

Question 14

Give an example of an emotional reward

Answer 14

Family life

Question 15

Who did Carlen interview?

Answer 15

Working class women who were criminals

Question 16

Why did the women Carlen interviewed not believe in the class deal?

Answer 16

They had no qualifications so could not find higher-paying work

Question 16

Why did the women Carlen interviewed not believe in the gender deal?

Answer 16

They had been abused by family members and partners

Question 17

Why did the women’s background make them not believe in the gender deal?

Answer 17

They did not want to start a family

Question 17

Why did the women's background make them not believe in the class deal?

Answer 17

They did not have qualifications

Question 18

Which Feminist study support's Carlens in relation to the dysfunctional family element?

Answer 18

Batchelor

Question 18

What did Batchelor find with the family backgrounds of the girls in the gang?

Answer 18

They had dysfunctional families

Question 19

Why did girls in Batchelor's study seek belonging in gangs?

Answer 19

They would feel like part of a family

Question 20

What do Postmodernists say about structural causes of crime?

Answer 20

There are no structural causes of crime

Question 20

What did Henry and Milovanovic argue?

Answer 20

People have different needs for committing crimes

Question 20

What does it mean if every person has unique needs to committing crimes?

Answer 20

They cannot be related to structural causes of crime

Question 21

What will women do due to feminist ideas?

Answer 21

Get a job

Question 21

Who created Liberation theory?

Answer 21

Adler

Question 22

Name a law Feminists campaigned for

Answer 22

1975 Sex Discrimination Act

Question 22

What is Liberation theory?

Answer 22

The idea that Feminist ideas have encouraged women to follow less traditional gender roles

Question 23

What did the Sex Discrimination Act mean?

Answer 23

Women would not be discriminated in jobs

Question 23

Why do women now have more opportunities to commit WCC and CC?

Answer 23

Because more women are in jobs

Question 24

Why are masculine traits encouraged to women in the workplace?

Answer 24

To increase sales

Question 25

Who argued young women are adopting masculine behaviours?

Answer 25

Denscombe

Question 26

Name someone who studied a girl anti-school subculture

Answer 26

Jackson

Question 26

Name a masculine behaviour women are adopting

Answer 26

Aggression

Question 27

Name 2 deviant norms and values Jackson found among girls

Answer 27

Drinking and Smoking

Question 28

Which institution would other Feminists say have spread the myth of increasing female crime?

Answer 28

The media

Question 29

What would other Feminists argue about an increase in female criminality?

Answer 29

There has not been an increase

Question 30

Which 2 Feminists analysed media coverage of the Ladettes?

Answer 30

Jackson and Tinkler

Question 31

Which female deviant behaviour did the media exaggerate?

Answer 31

Drinking

Question 31

Which theory did Heidensohn create?

Answer 31

Double deviance theory

Question 31

What do Feminists argue about police and court treatment of women?

Answer 31

They are more harsh to female offenders

Question 32

What did Jackson and Tinkler say had been created by the media?

Answer 32

A moral panic

Question 33

Whose theory does double deviance state is a myth?

Answer 33

Pollaks chivalry thesis

Question 34

Is Pollak a Feminist?

Answer 34

No

Question 35

What did Pollak argue?

Answer 35

Women are treated more leniently by male police officers and court judges

Question 36

What does Pollak say about why male police officers and court judges are more lenient to female offenders?

Answer 36

They see them as vulnerable and not fully responsible for their actions

Question 36

Due to Pollaks chivalry thesis, how will court judges rule female sentences?

Answer 36

They will give them a less harsh conviction

Question 37

What does double deviance theory say about the treatment of women by the police and courts?

Answer 37

They are treated more harshly

Question 37

What is the first punishment under double deviance theory?

Answer 37

They are punished for committing crimes in a similar way to men

Question 38

What is the second punishment under double deviance theory?

Answer 38

They are punished for going against their gender roles

Question 39

Who observed the Aileen Wournos case?

Answer 39

Seal

Question 40

Did Aileen Wuournous know the people she killed?

Answer 40

They were strangers

Question 40

How did the double deviance punishment element of going against gender norms apply in terms of the crime?

Answer 40

Aileen Wuournos had killed people

Question 41

How did the double deviance punishment element of killing in a masculine way apply?

Answer 41

Killing strangers was seen as a more masculine killer trait

Question 42

How did Aileen Wuournos look?

Answer 42

She looked masculine

Question 42

How could looking masculine have applied to a double deviance element?

Answer 42

Because this would be a further deviation from female gender roles

Question 43

What would Interactionists argue Feminists ignore with police treatment of women?

Answer 43

The impact of class and ethnicity on how people are treated

Question 43

What concept did Cicourel create?

Answer 43

'Typical Delinquent' stereotype

Question 44

What does the typical delinquent idea say?

Answer 44

Police are likely to have an idea of who a typical delinquent is

Question 45

What is the general police view of a delinquent with CAGE?

Answer 45

Working class young male from an ethnic minority

Question 46

Where are typical delinquents more likely to live in cities?

Answer 46

Inner city areas

Question 47

What is the barrier to justice for women in courts?

Answer 47

The jury

Question 48

What does Walklate argue?

Answer 48

In female rape cases, it is the victim who is on trial

Question 49

Why does Walklate argue the rape victim is on trial?

Answer 49

The woman has to prove her respectability to have her evidence accepted

Question 50

What will jury members assume if the victim has led a promiscuous lifestyle?

Answer 50

That rape was inevitable

Question 51

What is an issue with Jury members over rape cases?

Answer 51

They make outdated assumptions

Question 51

What may happen to the offender if the jury thinks rape was inevitable?

Answer 51

They may not be convicted

Question 52

How old was the victim for the Irish rape case?

Answer 52

17 years old

Question 53

What did the lawyer do in the case?

Answer 53

Held up a pair of female underwear to show that it was what the girl was wearing

Question 54

What was the idea created when showing the underwear in the court case?

Answer 54

That rape was inevitable

Question 55

What happened to the offender?

Answer 55

They were not convicted

Question 56

What did Official Crime Statistics find in 2021 with challenges to female victims in cases?

Answer 56

There were challenges in areas other than courts to female victims

Question 57

What is the negative impact for rape victims over the CPS changing their attitudes to these cases?

Answer 57

Less cases will not be looked at

Question 57

Why do digital searches make rape victims less likely to be convicted?

Answer 57

40% of individuals do not want all of their devices to fully be searched

Question 58

Who suggested there were more challenges to women in successful crime convictions in 2021?

Answer 58

Barr and Topping

Question 59

How have the Crown Protection Service changed their attitudes to rape cases?

Answer 59

They have started to only focus on easier cases to solve

Question 60

What is the positive impact for CPS in changing their attitudes to rape cases?

Answer 60

They get a higher conviction rate

Question 61

Why do cuts to specialist rape units mean less offenders will be convicted?

Answer 61

There are less skilled people who have a focus on these cases