Right Realists on Crime and Deviance

Question 1

What do Right Realists argue in terms of decisions over committing crimes? Even for who?

Answer 1

It is a choice, even for those in poverty

Question 2

According to Murray, why is poverty not a cause for crime in terms of how many poor people offend?

Answer 2

Many poor people do not commit crimes

Question 3

Which 2 classes of poor people did Murray create?

Answer 3

The respectable poor and the unrespectable poor

Question 4

What do the respectable poor do in society?

Answer 4

Find a job and provide for their family

Question 5

What do the unrespectable poor do in society?

Answer 5

They live off benefits and do not provide for their family

Question 6

Name a television show which shows how the unrespectable poor act

Answer 6

Benefits Street

Question 6

What were 2 of the criminal acts Danny and Funghi did?

Answer 6

Stole from a shop, bought drugs

Question 7

Which sociological theory would argue the classification of working class people is unfair?

Answer 7

Marxists

Question 8

Who wrote the book “Chavs”?

Answer 8

Owen Jones

Question 8

How does Owen Jones argue the media presents the working class in terms of crime committing?

Answer 8

Portrayed as people who choose to commit crimes

Question 9

What do Marxists argue is the main reason people commit crimes?

Answer 9

To fight against the poverty they face

Question 9

What did Bonger say about Capitalism?

Answer 9

Capitalism causes poverty

Question 10

What does Murray argue about the parent situation for most underclass families?

Answer 10

There is only a mother

Question 10

What did Gordon say about Capitalism?

Answer 10

Capitalism breeds competition

Question 11

What do Right Realists argue has been the impact of single-parent families?

Answer 11

It has caused there to be more crime

Question 12

What does Murray argue about socialisation of boys in underclass families?

Answer 12

It is inefficient due to only the mother being present

Question 12

What does Murray argue will happen to boys if they do not have a father in the socialisation process?

Answer 12

They will not have a role model who is a male breadwinner

Question 12

What does Sewell argue in terms of Black Caribbean families?

Answer 12

Many Black Caribbean children have single mothers

Question 13

What did Sewell observe happened to the Black Caribbean boys when they had no male role model?

Answer 13

They turned to rappers as role models

Question 13

How did rappers respond to authority?

Answer 13

They resisted it

Question 14

What did it mean for the Black Caribbean boys if their role models resisted authority?

Answer 14

They did the same

Question 15

What type of subculture were Black Caribbeans more likely to join if they grew up with a single mother?

Answer 15

Anti-School Subcultures

Question 16

What do Feminists argue about all families having the nuclear family structure?

Answer 16

It can be dangerous for women if they experience domestic abuse

Question 17

Who describes domestic abuse as patriarchal terrorism?

Answer 17

Johnson

Question 18

Why did Johnson describe domestic abuse as patriarchal terrorism?

Answer 18

Women are made uncertain of when the next attack will happen

Question 18

According to Dobash and Dobash, why is it difficult for women to leave abusive relationships?

Answer 18

They may be financially dependent on the man

Question 19

Which feminists argued it was difficult for women to escape abusive relationships?

Answer 19

Dobash and Dobash

Question 20

What type of state do Right Realists argue has been created due to benefits?

Answer 20

A "nanny state"

Question 21

Who argued the welfare state is responsible for the emergence of an underclass?

Answer 21

Marsland

Question 22

What does Marsland say about benefit acquisition?

Answer 22

Benefits are too easy to get

Question 23

Who created the concept of the "nanny state"?

Answer 23

Marsland

Question 24

What does Marsland argue the welfare state has caused with the family unit?

Answer 24

It has caused it to decline

Question 25

Why does Marsland argue the welfare state has caused the family unit to decline?

Answer 25

Families are less likely to support themselves

Question 26

Why would Functionalists agree with the Right Realist idea of family unit bonds being weak?

Answer 26

Functionalists believe weak social bonds is what causes people to commit crime

Question 27

Which Functionalist created the social bond theory?

Answer 27

Hirschi

Question 28

What is the social bond of belief about?

Answer 28

Belief in the law

Question 29

What is the social bond of involvement about?

Answer 29

Involvement with family members

Question 30

What do Right Realists say need to be increased when comitting crimes?

Answer 30

The costs of committing a crime

Question 31

Who created rational choice theory?

Answer 31

Clarke

Question 32

What does Clarke argue about people choosing to commit crimes?

Answer 32

It is a rational choice to commit crime

Question 33

Why is it rational for people to commit crimes according to Clarke?

Answer 33

The rewards outweigh the costs

Question 34

What does it mean if the costs of committing crimes are low?

Answer 34

People are unlikely to get caught

Question 34

What form of policing does Clarke argue will reduce crime?

Answer 34

Zero-tolerance policing

Question 35

What does zero-tolerance policing mean?

Answer 35

Strict punishments for all forms of crime

Question 36

Give an example of minor crime that would receive a conviction in zero-tolerance policing

Answer 36

Littering

Question 36

What will the rational choice of individuals be if zero-tolerance policing was implemented?

Answer 36

To not commit a crime

Question 37

What do Left Realists argue zero-tolerance policing fails to address?

Answer 37

The underlying causes of crime

Question 38

What did Left Realists Lea and Young argue causes crime in terms of deprivation?

Answer 38

Relative deprivation

Question 39

How do Left Realists believe policies should be structured to reduce crime?

Answer 39

Make the working class feel less marginalised

Question 39

What would Interactionists criticise about zero-tolerance policing?

Answer 39

Ethnic minorities are more likely to be receive punishments

Question 40

What did Interactionist, Cicourel find?

Answer 40

Police officers had a stereotypical view of a 'typical delinquent'

Question 41

Give the CAGE description of a typical delinquent and where they will live

Answer 41

Working class young male from an ethnic minority who lives in an inner city area

Question 42

What do Right Realists believe will occur if minor crimes are not punished?

Answer 42

Crime will increase

Question 43

Which Right Realists developed the broken windows theory?

Answer 43

Wilson and Kelling

Question 44

What does the broken windows theory say?

Answer 44

If someone breaks a window in an abandoned building and it is not repaired, others will come along and break other windows

Question 45

What is the broken windows metaphor in the sense of littering?

Answer 45

If someone were to litter and it was not dealt with by the law, others would litter

Question 45

What is created by crimes being left unattended in neighbourhoods according to Wilson and Kelling?

Answer 45

A signal telling the neighbourhood that crime is acceptable

Question 46

What do Wilson and Kelling believe would happen if there was more social control in neighbourhoods?

Answer 46

There would be less crime

Question 47

What small crime did New York police reduce in subway stations?

Answer 47

People who did not pay to get on the subway

Question 48

How did reducing the crime of not paying to get on the subway reduce other crimes?

Answer 48

Lots of the people who were caught not paying had knives and guns on them

Question 49

What do Wilson and Kelling argue can be done with informal social control?

Answer 49

It can be strengthened

Question 50

What would it mean if there was strengthened informal social control?

Answer 50

There would be someone around who would deter them from offending

Question 50

What would Functionalists agree on with Wilson and Kelling's argument with broken windows theory?

Answer 50

If minor crimes go unpunished, then crime will increase

Question 51

Which Functionalist created the concepts of anomie and value consensus?

Answer 51

Durkheim

Question 52

What is anomie?

Answer 52

When people do not know what norms and values to follow

Question 53

Why will there be increased anomie if minor crimes go unpunished?

Answer 53

People will be uncertain if they are illegal or not

Question 54

What is value consensus?

Answer 54

When everyone in society agrees on the same set of values

Question 54

Why will the value consensus be threatened if minor crimes go unpunished?

Answer 54

People will not know if values are the same anymore

Question 54

What do Right Realists argue about guardians in relation to crime decreasing?

Answer 54

If there are more guardians in society, crime will decrease

Question 55

Who created the concept of routine activity theory?

Answer 55

Felson

Question 56

What does Felson argue routine activity theory explains?

Answer 56

Explains why people commit crime

Question 56

What is the first element that Felson argues will influence people to commit a crime in terms of with the offender?

Answer 56

A motivated offender

Question 57

What is the second element that Felson argues will influence people to commit a crime in terms of with the target?

Answer 57

There is a suitable target for the crime

Question 58

What is the third element that Felson argues will influence people to commit a crime in terms of a guardian's presence?

Answer 58

There is an absence of a guardian

Question 59

Name a formal guardian

Answer 59

Police officers

Question 59

Name an informal guardian

Answer 59

Neighbours

Question 59

What does Felson argue will happen with crime if there are more formal or informal guardians?

Answer 59

Crime will decrease

Question 59

What would Postmodernists argue about Right Realist explanations of reducing crime?

Answer 59

They are outdated

Question 60

What did the Postmodernist, Lyng say about why people commit crime?

Answer 60

It is to give them a thrill of either getting caught or getting away with it

Question 61

What did the Postmodernist, Katz say about why people commit crime?

Answer 61

They are attracted to crimes by the seductive element of committing them