Final Chap 15

Question 1

What are the three classifications of psychologist?

Answer 1

Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists

Question 2

What kind of mental health care worker treats the majority of the American population and is responsible for mental health systems and advocacy?

Answer 2

Clinical social workers

Question 3

What is a mental health counselor?

Answer 3

A masters degree holder that provides diagnostic assessment and counseling

Question 4

What level of education is required to be a therapist?

Answer 4

A masters level

Question 5

What model takes many factors into account to determine one’s risk for a psychological disorder?

Answer 5

The biopsychosocial model

biological makeup
social experiences
Social environment

Question 6

Who is responsible for the various types of treatment?

Answer 6

biological treatments - psychiatrists
Psychological intervention and talk therapy - therapists
Social environment - social workers

Question 7

What was the original antipsychotic treatment?

Answer 7

Insulin shock therapy to trigger seizures

Question 8

How do typical antipsychotics work?

Answer 8

They reduce dopamine in the brain

Question 9

What are some side effects of typical antipsychotics?

Answer 9

Dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness and extrapyramidal symptoms

Question 10

What are the important monoamines for depression treatment?

Answer 10

Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine

Question 11

What are the three kinds of depression medication?

Answer 11

MAOI, tricyclics, SSRIs

Question 12

What is the main inhibitor of the nervous system?

Answer 12

GABA

Question 13

What are the two types of GABA activity increasing drugs used to treat anxiety? Which type has less toxic effects?

Answer 13

Barbiturates and Benzodiazepines are more commonly used now as GABAergic enhancers

Question 14

What are some problems associated with the use of benzodiazepines?

Answer 14

Long term effect is paradoxical (gives more anxiety and aggression), they are also addictive

Question 15

What was done to prevent the addictive nature of benzodiazepines?

Answer 15

They were put into slow release pills

Question 16

What treatment of TRD and schizophrenia uses electric currents to induce seizures?

Answer 16

ECT (electroconvulsive therapy)

Question 17

What are the downsides of ECT?

Answer 17

The relapse of TRD is common, and memory loss and short term confusion occur somewhat commonly

Question 18

What is the electric brain stimulation treatment that is not ECT?

Answer 18

TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)

Question 19

What does TMS do?

Answer 19

It delivers small pulses to influence neuronal activity

Question 20

What are some downsides to TMS?

Answer 20

Headache, fainting, pain, rarely seizure

Question 21

What is the earliest form of psychosurgery?

Answer 21

Trepanation

Question 22

What is the surgical solution for very severe psychosis?

Answer 22

Prefrontal lobotomies - separation of frontal lobe

Question 23

What is the most modern form of psychosurgery?

Answer 23

DBS (deep brain stimulation) - implantation of electrodes to stimulate areas

Question 24

What is a neurostimulator?

Answer 24

It is a pacemaker for the brain

Question 25

What is psychoanalysis?

Answer 25

It is the Freudian exploration by a therapist of the unconscious mind

Question 26

What is it called when a patient unconsciously creates roadblocks to the unconscious?

Answer 26

Resistance

Question 27

What are the 3 forms of Freudian resistance?

Answer 27

Denial - "no more therapy", repression - "forgetting", or regression - "past problems"

Question 28

What is the sign of a Freudian breakthrough?

Answer 28

Transference is when patient emotions transfer onto the therapist

Question 29

What is the modified and collaborated name for Freud's theory that is more focused on specific disorders?

Answer 29

Psychodynamic theory

Question 30

What is systematic desnsitization?

Answer 30

Practicing relaxation on low SUDS score stimuli and slowly increasing the score

Question 31

What chart ranks fears by SUDS?

Answer 31

The fear hierarchy

Question 32

What is imaginal exposure?

Answer 32

Visualization of stressful events

Question 33

What is flooding?

Answer 33

It is the anxiety reducing technique of keeping a client exposed to stimuli until the extinction of their reactions

Question 34

Who is responsible for the theory behind humanistic (person-centered) therapy?

Answer 34

Rogers

Question 35

What is an individual's self-actualizing tendency?

Answer 35

Human inclination to reach full potential

Question 36

What are the three conditions of humanistic therapy?

Answer 36

1. Unconditional positive regard 2. Empathy 3. Congruence - authenticity

Question 37

What does non-directive therapy imply?

Answer 37

That the patient leads the session more

Question 38

What was Back's outlook on treatment?

Answer 38

He used cognitive therapy to treat depression

Question 39

What was Beck's process?

Answer 39

patients would keep a thought record to record their thoughts and find healthier ways of thinking

Question 40

What were the three cognitive distortions Beck observed in depression patients?

Answer 40

1. All or nothing thinking 2. Discounting the positive 3. Catastrophizing