Final (Digestive System)

Question 1

Lumen

Answer 1

top

Question 2

Serosa

Answer 2

bottom
outer covering of the entire digestive tract
connective tissue that is a cont. of the peritoneum

Question 3

oblique muscle

Answer 3

aids in movement of food in the stomach (churn)
expansion of stomach

Question 4

peyer’s patch

Answer 4

GALT= gult associated lymphoid tissue
movement of immune cells

Question 5

migrating motor complexes

Answer 5

empty stomach
sweeps food remnants and bacteria out of the upper GI tract and into the large intestine

Question 6

peristalsis

Answer 6

during and after meal
contractions that move from one section of the GI tract to the next

Question 7

segmental contractions

Answer 7

during and after digestion
churning
digestion
contract and relax
shorter

Question 8

pacemaker cells

Answer 8

regulate contractility of smooth muscle

Question 9

smooth muscle contractions

Answer 9

graded
increased ca2+
larger contraction

Question 10

secretory cell secretions

Answer 10

mucus
bicarbonate
HCl
pepsin
somatostatin= inhibits gastrin and secretin
gastrin

Question 11

endocrine islets (to bloodstream)

Answer 11

secretes insulin and glucogon

Question 12

exocrine islets

Answer 12

secretes digestive enzymes and sodium bicarbonate

Question 13

exocrine pancreas

Answer 13

secretes ions and enzymes
go through pancreatic duct to small intestine

Question 14

bile

Answer 14

secreted by liver
fat digestion (bile salts)
go through bile duct
secretes bilirubin (bile pigment)
secretes cholesterol= excreted in feces

Question 15

enzymes for digestion of carbs

Answer 15

starch break down in the mouth by amylase
disaccaride->2 monosaccaride->absorption in small intestine

Question 16

zymogens

Answer 16

protein breakdown
inactive proenzymes
protection against constant digestion
activated by proteolytic pathway (trypsinogen->trypsin in pancreas)

Question 17

proteins

Answer 17

chains of AA’s

Question 18

endopeptidase

Answer 18

digest inside

Question 19

exopeptidase

Answer 19

digest outside

Question 20

gallbladder

Answer 20

store bile
released to promote digestion of fats

Question 21

emulsify

Answer 21

break down into smaller compartments
allows bile to be soluble in h2o

Question 22

cylomicrones

Answer 22

repackages fats made available to rest of body

Question 23

cephalic digestion

Answer 23

feedforward response
preparation to recieve food

Question 24

gastric digestion

Answer 24

gastrin secretion
acid secretion
enzyme secretion
pancreas secretion= somatastain, mucous, bicarbonate

Question 25

enteric ns

Answer 25

nerves in small intestine that talk to the brain autoregulation of movement of the digestive system

Question 26

mesentary

Answer 26

combo of the peritoneum that hold the intestines in place connective tissue

Question 27

blood vessels and lymph nodes

Answer 27

aid in absorption in small intestine and stomach

Question 28

processes of digestive system

Answer 28

digestion secretion absorption motility

Question 29

exocrine secretion organs

Answer 29

salivary glands pancreas liver (bile)

Question 30

pathway of digestive system

Answer 30

oral cavity->bolus->esophagus->stomach->chyme->small intestine->large intestines->feces

Question 31

immune function

Answer 31

as many as 80% of lymphocytes are found in the small intestine

Question 32

smooth muscle

Answer 32

aid in motility in the digestive system

Question 33

Spincters

Answer 33

LES (esophagus->stomach) PS (stomach->small intestine) ICS (small intestine->large intestine) IAS (rectum->anus)

Question 34

absorption

Answer 34

movement of material from GI lumen to ECF

Question 35

secretion

Answer 35

movement of material from cells into lumen or ECF

Question 36

mucosa

Answer 36

inter lining of the GI tract (epithelial and subepithelial connective tissue)

Question 37

submucosa

Answer 37

connective tissue with larger blood and lymph vessels and the submucosal plexus, a major nerve network of the enteric nervous system

Question 38

muscularis externa

Answer 38

two layers of smooth muscle (inner circular and outer longitudinal layer) with the myenteric plexus (another nerve network of the enteric nervous system) between the layers