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Medical Terminology - Spurgin > Final Exam terms > Flashcards

Final Exam terms Flashcards

(151 cards)

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1
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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2
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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3
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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4
Q

opthalm/o

A

eye

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5
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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6
Q

endo-

A

within/ inner

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7
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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8
Q

inter-

A

between

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9
Q

intra-

A

within

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10
Q

macrotia

A 
macro- = large
-otia = ear condition

large ears

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11
Q

microtia

A 
micro- = small
-otia = ear condition

having small ears

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12
Q

tracheotomy

A 
trache/o = trachea
-otomy = cutting into

cut open through to the trachea

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13
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

sphygm/o = pulse
-manometer = instrument to
measure pressure

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14
Q

lymphedema

A 
lymph/o = lymph
-edema = swelling
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15
Q

medical record

A

entire documented details of a patient’s hospital stay

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16
Q

ancillary reports

A

reports of various treatments such as therapies, rehab, dietetics

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17
Q

diagnostic report

A

results from labs of medical images

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18
Q

pathologist report

A

report given by doctor who studies tissue removed from patient

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19
Q

ambulatory care

A

outpatients; simple surgeries, therapy, etc.

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20
Q

caud/o

A

tail

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21
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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22
Q

crur/o

A

leg

think “crural”

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23
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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24
Q

orth/o

A

straight

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25
what cavities make up the ventral/dorsal cavities
ventral: thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic dorsal: cranial and spinal
26
what organs are apart of the urinary system?
kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra
27
what is the heart incased in and why?
``` visceral pericardium (inner) serous fluid parietal pericardium (outer) ``` has two layers of tissue with serous fluid between in order to reduce friction of the heart as it expands and contracts
28
what is the lung incased in and why?
``` visceral pleural (inner) serous fluid parietal pleural (outer) ``` in order to reduce friction of the lung expanding and collapsing
29
what are the 9 anatomical divisions of the body called from left to right and top to bottom?
30
what are the four clinical divisions of the abdomen?
31
in directional terms, what term is the same as inferior?
caudal
32
diaphor/o
sweating
33
erythr/o
red
34
ichthy/o
scaly, dry
35
myc/o
fungus
36
onych/o
nail
37
py/o
pus
38
rhytid/o
wrinkle
39
xer/o
dry
40
xeno-
foreign
41
ecchymosis
blood collecting under skin following blunt trauma
42
anhidrosis
lack of sweat
43
xeroderma
``` xer/o = dry -derma = skin condition ```
44
macule
flat, discolored spot on skin
45
nevus
pigmented skin blemish, birthmark or mole
46
nodule
firm solid mass larger than 0.5 cm
47
papule
small, solid raised spot smaller than 0.5 cm
48
vesicle
small, fluid-filled raised spot; blister
49
wheal
small round swollen area; allergic skin reactions
50
urticaria
hives; wheals with severe itching
51
petechiae
pinpoint skin hemorrhages
52
purpura
hemorrhaging into skin due to fragile blood vessels
53
purulent
infection producing pus
54
comedo
blackhead
55
what do first, second, and third degree burns relate to?
epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers of the skin
56
ichthyosis
``` ichthy/o = scaly, dry -osis = abnormal condition ```
57
impetigo
highly infectious bacterial infection with pustules that rupture and crust over
58
pediculosis
``` pedicul/o = lice -osis = abnormal condition ```
59
Kaposi's sarcoma
skin cancer seen in AIDS patients
60
basal cell carcinoma
frequently benign skin cancer
61
Verruca
warts; benign growth caused by virus
62
furuncle
bacterial infection of hair follicle; a boil
63
hirsutism
excessive hair growth
64
osteomyelitis
``` oste/o = bone myel/o = bone marrow -itis = inflammation ```
65
kyphosis
hunchback
66
Lordosis
excessive anterior lumbar curvature | aka swayback
67
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune inflammation of joints
68
spina bifida
congenital anomaly where vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord
69
talipes
congenital deformity of ankle
70
think of all the names of cavities, arteries, veins, and valves within heart. Then describe the process that blood travels through the heart
71
three layers of the heart
endocardium (inner) myocardium pericardium (outer)
72
describe systole and diastole
systole: contraction phase (blood leaves ventricles) diastole: relaxation phase (blood enters ventricles from atria)
73
thrombus
blood clot
74
embolus
obstruction caused by dislodging of blood clot
75
what is the function of platelets
initiate blood clotting process
76
what makes up the majority of blood?
plasma
77
what gives blood its red color? what is the function?
hemoglobin | oxygen transport
78
what is the smallest element of blood?
platelets
79
what is an antigen?
molecules on outer surface of cell membrane that identifies them as friend or foe
80
sickle cell anemia
distortion of the shape of blood cells which inhibits its normal functions to carry oxygen
81
where is spleen located?
LUQ of abdomen
82
thymus is _____ in children and is ________ as adults
larger | smaller
83
what are the three regions of the pharynx and their perspective locations?
nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx
84
what is the tissue within our vocal cords that produce sound?
glottis
85
what is the function of the epiglottis?
to cover the larynx and trachea when swallowing
86
another name for trachea
windpipe
87
how many lobes are in the left and right lung? Why?
left: 2 right: 3 our heart takes up some of the space of the left lung
88
name the structures within the lungs from biggest to smallest
bronchi bronchioles alveoli
89
internal vs external respiration
internal: exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the bloodstream external: external air entering lungs
90
what is the structure of the entry and exit point of the bronchi within the lungs
hilum
91
diaphragm creates ______ pressure when we inhale
negative
92
do intercostal muscles help with forced inhalation or exhalation?
forced inhalation
93
hypocapnia
``` hypo- = insufficient -capnia = carbon dioxide ```
94
Pansinusitis
``` pan- = all sinus/o = sinus -itis = inflammation ``` inflammation of all paranasal sinuses
95
Pleurodynia
``` pleur/o = pleura -dynia = pain ```
96
Pyothorax
``` py/o = pus -thorax = chest ``` pus in the chest cavity
97
Thoracentesis
``` thorac/o = chest -centesis = puncture to withdraw fluid ```
98
what is clubbing caused by
chronic oxygen deficiency
99
Rhinorrhagia
rhin/o = nose -rrhagia = rapid flow condition rapid flow of blood from the nose
100
Rhinorrhea
``` rhin/o = nose -rrhea = discharge ``` runny nose
101
epistaxis
nose bleed
102
rhonchi
musical sound during expiration
103
Tracheostenosis
``` trache/o = trachea -stenosis = narrowing ```
104
bronchiectasis
``` bronchi/o = bronchus -ectasis = dilation ```
105
pneumoconiosis
``` pneum/o = lung coni/o = dust -osis = abnormal condition ``` accumulation of dust in lungs
106
anthracosis
``` anthrac/o = coal -osis = abnormal condition ``` coal dust in lungs aka black lung
107
atelectasis
``` atel/o = incomplete -ectasis = dilation ``` localized area of collapsed lung
108
what are the three conditions that COPD includes? what does COPD stand for?
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emphysema chronic bronchitis asthma
109
histoplasmosis
hist/o = tissue - plasm = formation - osis = abnormal condition fungal infection of lungs
110
pulmonary edema
excessive tissue fluid accumulating in lungs
111
polysomnography
``` poly- = many somn/o = sleep -graphy = process of recording ``` monitoring patient sleeping to identify sleep apnea
112
tuberculosis
bacterial infection in lungs
113
pneumothorax
``` pneum/o = air -thorax = chest ``` collection of air in pleural cavity
114
bronchoscopy
bronch/o = bronchus -scopy = process of visually examining
115
spirometer
spir/o = breathing -meter = instrument to measure
116
nasal cannula
two-pronged plastic device to deliver oxygen into the nose
117
what are the three layers within a tooth?
enamel (outer covering we can see) dentin pulp cavity (contains blood vessels and nerves)
118
peristalsis
Food is propelled along by wavelike muscular movements
119
what kind of acid is found within the stomach to help digest food?
hydrochloric acid
120
what is the watery mix of food and digestive juices called?
chyme
121
three regions of the stomach
fundus body antrum
122
what are the folds within the stomach lining called? what does it allow for?
rugae | allows stomach to stretch
123
where does most nutrient absorption take place?
small intestine
124
name the regions of the small intestine
duodenum jejunum ileum
125
name regions of the large intestine
ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon
126
bolus
saliva + food
127
amylase
found in saliva: breaks down carbohydrates
128
Bradypepsia
``` brady- = slow -pepsia = digestion ```
129
aphagia
``` a- = without -phagia = eat, swallow ``` being unable to eat or swallow
130
Cholecystalgia
``` cholecyst/o = gallbladder -algia = pain ```
131
Cachexia
Weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility that can occur during a chronic disease
132
ascites
accumulation of serous fluid; usually in abdominal cavity
133
Dysphagia
``` dys- = difficult -phagia = eat, swallow ```
134
Dyspepsia
``` dys- = painful -pepsia = digestion ``` upset stomach; indegestion
135
emesis
vomiting
136
Hematemesis
``` hemat/o = blood -emesis = vomiting ```
137
Polyphagia
``` poly- = many -phagia = eat, swallow ``` excessive eating
138
hyperemesis
``` hyper- = excessive -emesis = vomiting ```
139
aphthous ulcers
canker sores
140
sialadenitis
``` sialaden/o = salivary gland -itis = inflammation ```
141
GERD?
gastroesophageal reflux disease acid reflux
142
Pharyngoplegia
``` pharyng/o = pharynx -plegia = paralysis ``` paralysis of throat muscles
143
Hiatal hernia
protrusion of stomach through diaphragm
144
Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
ulcer in lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum
145
Inguinal hernia
protrusion of bowel through abdominal muscle to groin area
146
Intussusception
one part of intestine slips or telescopes into another section
147
volvulus
bowel twists upon itself causing an obstruction
148
Hepatitis
``` hepat/o = liver -itis = inflammation ```
149
cholelithiasis
``` chol/e = bile -lithiasis = condition of stones ```
150
Leukocytosis
Overproduction of white blood cells
151
Leukopenia
Under production of white blood cells

Medical Terminology - Spurgin (14 decks)

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