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Medical Terminology - Spurgin > Chapter 9 Urinary System Concepts and terms > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Urinary System Concepts and terms Flashcards

1
Q

what is another name for urinary system?

A 
Genitourinary system (GU)
and renal system
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2
Q

what is the term for the location of where the kidneys rest?

A

retro - behind
peri - around
retroperitoneal

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3
Q

what is the function of the urinary system?

A

filter and remove waste products from the blood

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4
Q

what helps transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

A

ureters

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5
Q

where does urine go through after being stored in the bladder?

A

urethra to be excreted

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6
Q

what is the area called where the kidney indents?

A

hilum

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7
Q

name and describe the layers of a kidney

A

cortex - outer layer
medulla - inner portion
pyramids - triangular shaped structures within the medulla
papilla - tip of each pyramid
calyx - area that receives urine from pyramid
renal pelvis - open area, receives urine from each calyx to be emptied to ureter

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8
Q

what is the function of renal pyramids?

A

to briefly store collections of urine before moving to the bladder

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9
Q

what is a nephron and what does it consist of?

A 
function unit of kidney 
renal corpuscle and renal tubule
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10
Q

what is the renal corpuscle and renal tubule’s function?

A

renal corpuscle - blood filtering portion

renal tubule - finish urine production

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11
Q

what are the three stages of urine production?

A

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

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12
Q

approx how many mL does a bladder hold?

A

250

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13
Q

what does a bladder have inside of it to allow it to expand?

A

rugae

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14
Q

what are the functions of both sphincters that make up where urine exits?

A

internal sphincter - involuntary opening that opens when bladder contracts
external sphincter - voluntary opening to be able to hold your urine

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15
Q

is bladder contraction voluntary?

A

no, bladder contraction is involuntary

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16
Q

what is the external opening after the urethra called?

A

urinary meatus

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17
Q

what are three different names for releasing urine from the body?

A

urination
voiding
micturition

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18
Q

why is the urinary system important for homeostasis?

A

maintains pH balance and proper balance of water and chemicals in the body such as electrolytes

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19
Q

Glomerular and bowman’s capsule make up the..?

A

renal corpuscle

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20
Q

the nephron loop is also called?

A

renal tubule

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21
Q

what two structures are responsible for the filtration stage and what is produced?

A

glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

water, glucose, amino acids, and waste

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22
Q

what is the purpose of the reabsorption stage and where does it occur?

A

in the renal tubules
water and desirable molecules are reabsorbed through the blood in peritubular capillaries
waste and undesirables remain in the tubules

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23
Q

what is the purpose of the secretion stage?

A

added waste products are added from the peritubular capillaries

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24
Q

what does normal urine look like and what does it contain?

A

straw colored to clear
95% water with:
electrolytes, toxins, and nitrogenous waste

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25
what is the normal pH levels of urine?
5.0 - 8.0 (acidic)
26
what might a fowl odor of urine indicate?
infection
27
what might a fruity odor of urine indicate?
diabetes, dehydration, or starvation
28
break down nephrology
nephr/o - kidney | -logy - study of
29
break down urology
ur/o - urine | -logy - study of
30
anuria
an - without -uria - urine condition complete lack of urine production and lack of urine excretion
31
cystalgia
cyst/o - bladder -algia - pain urinary bladder pain
32
bacteriuria
bacteri/o - bacteria -uria - urine condition presence of bacteria in urine
33
azotemia
azot/o - nitrogenous waste -emia - blood condition nitrogenous waste in the bloodstream
34
another name for renal calculus and definition
nephrolith or kidney stone
35
diruresis
increased formation and excretion of urine
36
enuresis
involuntary discharge of urine
37
cystolith
cyst/o - bladder -lith - stone stone in bladder
38
cystorrhagia
cyst/o - bladder -rrhagia - abnormal flow condition profuse bleeding from the bladder
39
dysuria
dys - abnormal/difficult uria - urine condition difficult or painful urination
40
glycosuria
glycos/o - sugar uria - urine condition presence of sugar in urine
41
hematuria
hemat/o - blood uria - urine condition presence of blood in urine
42
ketonuria
keton/o - ketones -uria - urine condition presence of ketones in urine occurs when body burns fat instead of glucose
43
nephromalacia
nephr/o - kidney -malacia - softening abnormal softening of kidney
44
nephromegaly
nephr/o - kidney -megaly - enlarged enlarged kidney
45
nephrosclerosis
nephr/o - kidney -sclerosis - hardening kidney has become hardened
46
nocturia
noct/i - night -uria - urine condition having to urine frequently in the night
47
oligouria
olig/o - scanty -uria - urine condition producing too little urine
48
polyuria
poly - many uria - urine condition producing large volume of urine
49
proteniuria
protein/o - protein uria - urine condition presence of protein in the urine
50
pyuria
py/o -pus presence of pus in the urine
51
renal colic
pain caused by kidney stone
52
uremia
ur/o - urine -emia - blood condition accumulation of waste products in bloodstream
53
ureterectasis
ureter/o - ureter -ecstasis - dialated ureter stretched out (dilated)
54
Ureterolith
ureter/o - ureter lith - stone stone in the ureter
55
Ureterostenosis
ureter/o - ureter -stenosis - narrowing ureter has become narrow
56
urinary incontinence
involuntary release of urine
57
urinary retention
inability to fully empty bladder
58
bladder neck obstruction
blockage of bladder outlet, usually caused by enlarged prostate
59
hesitancy
decrease in force of urine stream
60
Urethralgia
urethr/o - urethra -algia - pain urethral pain
61
urethrostenosis
urethr/o - urethra -stenosis - narrowing narrowing of urethra
62
urethrorrhagia
``` urethr/o = urethra -rrhagia = abnormal flow condition ``` Profuse bleeding from the urethra
63
glomerulonephritis
``` glomerul/o = glomerulus nephr/o = kidney -itis = inflammation ``` inflammation of the kidney; more permeable to protein and blood cells
64
diabetic nephropathy
damage to glomerular capillaries due to high blood sugar of diabetes mellitus
65
acute tubular necrosis
damage to renal tubules due to toxins in the urine; results in oliguria
66
hydronephrosis
Distention of the renal pelvis due to urine collecting in the kidney
67
nephrotic syndrome
damage to the glomerulus resulting in protein appearing in the urine
68
Nephroptosis
``` nephr/o = kidney -ptosis = drooping ``` Downward displacement of the kidney; floating kidney
69
pyelitis
``` pyel/o = renal pelvis; -itis = inflammation ``` renal pelvis inflammation
70
polycystic kidneys
``` poly- = many; cyst/o = pouch ``` Formation of multiple cysts within the kidney tissue
71
pyelonephritis
``` pyel/o = renal pelvis; nephr/o = kidney; -itis = inflammation ``` inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney
72
cystocele
cyst/o = bladder; -cele = protrusion Hernia or protrusion of the urinary bladder into the wall of the vagina
73
pyelogram
pyel/o = renal pelvis; -gram = record X-ray record of the renal pelvis.
74
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)
use of ultrasound waves to break up renal calculi
75
hemodialysis (HD)
use of artificial kidney machine to filter the blood
76
peritoneal dialysis
removes wastes using chemically balanced solutions placed into peritoneal cavity
77
cystectomy
surgical removal of the bladder
78
cystopexy
surgical fixation of the bladder
79
cystoplasty
surgical repair of the bladder
80
cystostomy
create a new opening in the bladder
81
cystotomy
cutting into bladder
82
lithotomy
cutting into (to remove) a stone
83
lithotrispy
crushing a stone in the bladder or urethra
84
meatotomy
incision into the meatus
85
nephrolithotomy
incision to directly remove stones in kidney
86
nephropexy
surgical fixation of a kidney
87
nephrostomy
create new opening in a kidney
88
nephrotomy
cutting into a kidney
89
pyeloplasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
90
azot/o
nitrogenous waste
91
cyst/o
bladder
92
olig/o
scanty
93
pyel/o
renal pelvis
94
ren/o
kidney
95
ur/o
urine

Medical Terminology - Spurgin (14 decks)

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