Final - Female Athlete Triad and Ergo Aids Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is the old definition of the FAT
Eating Disorder + Amenorrhea + Osteoporosis
What is the new definition of FAT
Low Energy Availability leads to Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea and/or Osteoporosis
What can cause Low Energy Availability?
Eating disorders but also reduced EI for sports that require specific weight or figure, and excessive training
How do you measure Energy Availability?
EA = EI - EE / FFM
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
BMI <85% of expected weight Refusal to maintain weight Fear of gaining weight Disturbed body image Amenorrhea
What is Bulimia Nervosa?
Recurrent episodes of binge eating
no control while eating
Purging
Can occur with or without Anorexia Nervosa
What is oligomenorrhea?
menstrual cycle over 35 days
What is luteal suppression?
menstrual cycle with luteal phase shorter than 11 days + low progesterone
How low does EA need to be before evidence of menstrual dysfunction?
30 kcal per kg
Some coaches believe Amenorrhea is a sign of good training, why is this wrong?
side effect can be osteoporosis/Low BMD, with lack of estrogen from reproductive system this decreases BMD and development
Causes of LBMD?
Under Nutrition -> Low energy availability leading to decreased rate of bone formation due to lack of calcium and nutrients
Hypoestrogen -> estrogen is required for proper bone health
Can lead to stress fractures and osteoporosis
How to treat LBMD?
Increase EA above 30 kcal to 45 kcal/kg Nutrition counselling resistance training decrease overall training increase body weight
Leptin and Amenorrhea
Leptin senses low BF so it may trigger shut down of reproductive system to conserve energy. By supplementing with leptin making the body thing it has more fat you can turn on the reproductive system, but once supplementation stops the body thinks its even further in BF deficit than before and compounds the problem
How is effectiveness of an ergogenic aid determined?
Evaluate scientific validity of ergogenic claim
Evaluate quality of supportive evidence
evaluate safety and legality of the aid
What type of drugs are caffeine and ephedrine?
Thermogenic drugs, meaning they regulate thermogenesis via SNS
When does caffeine peak in blood and how long does it last?
peaks after 50 min and half life is 2-10 hours
Side Effects of Caffiene
Increase HR, Diuretic, interfers with Vitamin C and Iron Absorption
Does Caffeine cause weight loss?
Not by itself by with ephedrine yes
What benefits can caffeine provide?
increased time to fatigue at certain intensities and benefits submax endurance
What is the proposed effect of ephedrine?
- Ephedrin and amphetamines are sympathomimetic meaning they stimulate alpha and beta receptors
- Has both thermogenic and appetite suppressive effects (increase EE and decrease EI
Side Effects of Ephedrine?
Tremours, Nervousness, increase BP and HR, death
