Final - Weight Loss PA and Surgery Flashcards
(21 cards)
To manipulate exercise volume what principle is used
FITT - Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type
What must be considered for an individual when looking at energy expenditure?
Body weight of the Individual and Total volume of PA
How does one measure volume?
kcal or MET hours/wk
What are the 3 components for successful weight loss? (how does one determine successful weight loss)
Prevention of Weight Gain
Losing Weight
Maintained Loss
Does Physical Activity during diet effect FFM?
Yes, it helps maintain more FFM than just diet alone
What are the PA guidelines for weight loss without diet?
Prevention: 150-250 min/1200-2000 kcal (per wk)
Loss: 225-420 min / wk
Maintenance: 200-300 wk
**more is better!
What does the evidence say about the effects of RT for weight loss?
Evidence does not support RT as effective weight loss treatment
Is it better to do long continuous or multiple short bouts of exercise?
Does not matter as long as volume and intensity are equal in both cases but one should go with what will provide the best adherence
What is the theory behind the “fat burning zone” @ low intensities? What is wrong with this theory?
PA at low intensity keeps HR and RER low in the “fat” oxidation range, meaning fat is the primary substrate utilized for energy (RER 0.7). While this is true it is a relative value, there is more fat burned compared to other substrates. But if one worked at 55-65% max HR or RER of 0.83 the MOST fat is burned at this intensity providing an absolute max.
What intensity is best to train at, Low or High?
Depends on the person and what will achieve greatest adherence and maximal volume. Studies have shown greater adherence to High Intensity training due to the time requirement being less (though efficacy was lower initially is increased)
What is the conceptual model behind why RT is supposed to increase weight loss? Does this model work?
- RT increases FFM and Fat Oxidation
- This increases RMR and TDEE which causes the body to utilize more Fat for energy.
- This model doesnt work because skeletal muscle does not actually utilize that much energy and typically MM is not increased during weight loss only preserved
Who would surgery be for?
BMI above 40
BMI between 35-40 with known comorbidities that would improve such as sleep apnea and diabetes
What might some contraindications to surgery be?
Above 60 yrs
Pregnancy
High Risk Medical Conditions
Poor adherence
What is AGB, give 2 pros and 2 cons
Adjustable Gastric Banding sees a band placed around the top of the stomach to slow digestion/consumption
Pro: Low Risk and Short Recovery
Con: Slow Weight Loss and Less diabetes improvement
What is Sleeve Gastrectomy? 2 pros and 2 cons
SG sees a portion of the stomach removed surgically.
Pro: No foreign objects & reduces food intake
Con: New technique and stomach may restretch
What is Biliopancreatic Diversion? 2 Pro and 2 Con
Biliopanc. Diversion sees the pylorus and most of the small intestine bypassed
Pro: Less calories absorbed and better chance to sustain weight loss
Con: Stomach ulcers, high risk of nutritional deficiencies
What is RYG Bypass? 2 pro and 2 con
Most of stomach and duodenum are by passed in the Roux-en-Y Gastric bypass
Pro: Reversible and minimal diet restrictions
Con: Possibility of Staple Failure and Nutritional Deficiencies
What is dumping syndrome and what surgery is it associated with?
Assc. with gastric bypasses
Food leaves the stomach too quickly causing intestinal swelling which causes cramping, pain, increased HR, nausea, diarrhea.
What are other disadvantages associated with surgeries?
Cost, waitlists and resources required before and after surgery
What is the only weight loss medication approved in US and Canada? Who might use it?
Orlistat: A lipase inhibitor (prevents fat absorption)
-BMI 30+ or BMI 27-30 with comorbidities that improve
In general which procedures see more weight loss, restrictive or malabsorptive?
Malabsorptive procedures see more than restrictive
