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Flashcards in Final Part 1 Deck (37)
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1
Q

ME….what is it? how is it different?

A

-the aspect of the self that is an object of our attention, thought, or perception

2
Q

I …. what is it? how is it different ?

A

-the aspect of the self that is actively perceiving, thinking, or seeing

3
Q

James three components of the empirical self ….as well as the fourth updated component

A

material self

  • social self
  • spiritual self

-collective self (updated)

4
Q

material self

A
  • individual’s body and possessions
  • serves a symbolic function, help people define themselves
  • extends the self in time (after death)
  • emotional responses to possessions attest our importance to the self

-EX: my arms, my legs, my children, my car

5
Q

social self

A
  • how we are regarded and recognized by others (social identities)
  • the various social positions we occupy and the social roles we play
6
Q

spiritual self

A
  • collection of states of consciousness
  • our inner self or our psychological self
  • elicit emotions (pride) and goals (self-preservation)
  • our perceived abilities, attitudes, emotions, interests, opinions, traits, etc
7
Q

collective self …involves what group of people? concerned with what two issues?

A
  • involves people, particularly those who occupy a minority status
  • how people evaluate these specific identities?
  • how people maintain their ethnic identities when exposed to a dominant majority culture?
8
Q

western cultures

A
  • individualistic
  • emphasize ways in which people are different from one another
  • importance on their personal identities
9
Q

eastern cultures

A
  • cooperative, collective, and interdependent
  • emphasize ways in which people are liked together
  • importance on their social identities
10
Q

independent self-construals

A

personal attributes; own thought, feelings, and actions

11
Q

interdependent self-construes

A

roles and group memberships, relationships to others; thoughts, feelings, and actions of others

12
Q

what are the self-conscious emotions ?

A
  • shame

- guilt

13
Q

shame

A
  • public emotion that follows from public disapproval
  • encompassing emotion
  • arises from the perception that one is a bad person or is wholly inadequate
  • leads people to hide from others
14
Q

guilt

A

-private response to the perception that one has failed to live up to one’s personal standards and ideals

  • focus on particular misdeed
  • give rise to a tendency to make reparations
15
Q

two meanings of consciousness

A
  • the subjective experience of the world, resulting from brain activity
  • the state or a process of an individual
16
Q

brain regions important for consciousness

A
  • prefrontal

- parietal lobe

17
Q

elements of consciousness

A
  • subjective point of view; our unique view of the world
  • qualia: individual experiences; what things are like for that person
  • metacognition: reflect upon thoughts and draw judgement upon them
  • inner speech: our verbal narrative of the reasons for and reflections on our behavior
  • volition: making and sticking to decisions
18
Q

supramodel integration theory

A

–connects systems together and allows communication between brain regions that would not be able to communicate with one another on their own

-allows us to overrides some automatic systems or the dominant response

19
Q

global neuronal workspace model of consciousness

A
  • arises from when brain regions/ circuits are active
  • subjectively experienced brain activity
  • different areas responsible for conscious awareness of different types of information
20
Q

information integration theory

A
  • proposes shared information itself constitutes consciousness
  • we are conscious of many things, but experience all the information as a whole
21
Q

brain regions responsible for consciousness according to ITT

A

cortex, thalamus

22
Q

5 functions/ consequences of consciousness

A
  • planning
  • decision making and self control
  • self conceptualization: allows us to evaluate our behavior and monitor our progress on certain goals
  • introspection:
  • perspective taking
23
Q

self awareness brain regions

A

prefrontal cortex

24
Q

why would the self be adaptive for early humans

A
  • ecological pressure: to help adapt to environment

- social pressure: to aid in cooperation and maintain group bonds, reproduction

25
Q

self awareness

A
  • recognition of our consciousness
  • a specific ability that enables complex thought and behavior
  • present in a select few organisms

Cognitive process that involves perceiving oneself as a continuous, conscious entity; having an autobiographic memory; aware of one’s traits and feelings, etc.

-being aware of oneself as a thinking being

26
Q

consciousness

A
  • awareness of one’s body and one’s environment
  • a broad cognitive ability that enables thought
  • present in many organisms
27
Q

Describe “standards” in the original theory

A
  • a mental representation of correct behavior, attitudes, and traits
  • All of the standards of correctness taken together define what a ‘correct’ person is”
28
Q

What two things might happen when a discrepancy between standards and behavior arose?

A

negative affect arises

29
Q

How is this affected by belief about one’s ability to reduce the discrepancy? two ways people react to reduce discrepancy?

A
  • actively change their actions, attitudes, or traits to be more congruent with the representations of the standard
  • avoid the self-focusing stimuli and circumstances.
30
Q

internal attributions

A

People saw themselves as more responsible for both positive and negative events

31
Q

external attributions

A

outside sources more responsible

32
Q

objective self-awareness

A

When attention is directed inward and the individual’s consciousness is focused on himself, he is the object of his own consciousness

33
Q

Generally know the way the self develops over the first few years of life

A
  • sensory feedback
  • proprioceptive feedback
  • object permanence
  • self other differentiation
  • body self awareness
  • mirror self recognition
  • autobiographical memory
  • self conscious emotions
34
Q

What is symbolic interactionism concerned with? (Mead’s Symbolic Interactionism Theory)

A
  • understanding the socialization process

- how are individuals transformed from asocial creatures at birth into socialized beings

35
Q

Know the key features of each of Piaget’s four stages

A
  • sensory-motor stage: egocentrism, knowledge is centered on own thoughts and feelings
  • preoperational: symbols, language, abstract thinking, pretend play
  • concrete stage: logical thinking, reverse thinking, understand conservation
  • formal operations stage: hypothetical thinking, inductive and deductive reasoning, capable of taking others perspective
36
Q

Piaget’s four stages order

A
  • sensory-motor stage
  • preoperational stage
  • concrete operational stage
  • formal operations stage
37
Q

Erickson’s model of psychosocial development … Know which psychosocial conflict is associated with each stage of life.

A
  • 1: trust vs. mistrust
  • 1-3: autonomy vs shame and doubt
  • 3-5: initiative vs. guilt
  • 6-12: industry vs inferiority
  • adolescence: identity vs. role confusion
  • early adulthood: intimacy vs. isolation
  • middle adulthood: generativity vs. stagnation
  • late adulthood: integrity vs. despair