Final Soc- Chapter 13

Question 1

a model that explains how a society’s population changes as it transitions from a pre-industrial state to an industrialized one. It describes the shift from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates, often associated with increased economic development and societal advancements. The theory typically outlines four (or sometimes five) stages, each characterized by specific demographic patterns

Answer 1

Demographic Transition Theory

Question 2

the study of how social structures and policies create disparities in the distribution of environmental burdens and benefits, particularly affecting marginalized communities

Answer 2

Environmental Injustice

Question 3

an ongoing process that involves interconnected changes in the economic, cultural, social, and political spheres of society

Answer 3

Globalization

Question 4

a field that studies the social causes and consequences of health and illness

Answer 4

Healthcare

Question 5

a society where technology and machinery are used for mass production, typically in factories

Answer 5

Industrial Society

Question 6

a stage of social and economic development that follows industrialization, characterized by a shift from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based one, with a growing emphasis on information and knowledge

Answer 6

Post-Industrial Society

Question 7

an organized effort to change laws, policies, or practices by people who do not have the power to effect change through conventional channels

Answer 7

Social Movements

Question 8

the fugitivity of wealth not needed to sustain the production of more wealth

Answer 8

Surplus Wealth

Question 9

a theory in environmental sociology that describes how modern, capitalist societies become trapped in a cycle of increased economic growth that leads to unsustainable resource extraction and environmental degradation, even as well-being remains stagnant or declines

Answer 9

Treadmill of Production