Midterm Soc- Chapter 4 Flashcards
(21 cards)
social position that an individual earns or chooses, based on merit, effort, and skills
Achieved Status
a social position that is assigned to a person at birth or involuntarily later in life
Ascribed Status
the feeling of disconnection or estrangement from oneself, others, society, or one’s work, often stemming from societal structures or personal experiences
Alienation
specific form of organization defined by complexity, division of labour, permanence, professional management, hierarchical coordination and control, strict chain of command, and legal authority
Bureaucracy
a social group of two people
Dyad
A group of three or more
Triad
social systems with well-defined authority structures and explicit rules and goals
Formal organizations
the structured, hierarchical, and rule-based aspects of an organization, including its goals, roles, procedures, and authority structures, designed to achieve specific objectives efficiently
Formal dimensions of organizations
the unwritten, unofficial relationships, networks, and social dynamics that emerge within an organization, complementing the formal structure and influencing how people interact and work together
Informal Dimensions of an Organization
the ability of people to make choices and take actions that shape their lives
Human Agency
the process of applying fast-food restaurant management principles to society as a whole (efficiency, predictability, calculability, control)
McDonaldization
the study of small-scale social interactions between people
Micro
a middle ground between micro and macro levels of analysis
Meso
looks at large-scale social processes, such as social stability and change
Macro
those personal relations that are direct, face-to-face, relatively permanent, and intimate
Primary groups
a relatively larger group composed of impersonal and goal-oriented relationships, which are often temporary
Secondary Group
contradictions between different roles that a person takes on or plays in their everyday life
Role Conflict
occurs when people have trouble meeting the expectations of multiple roles, each with its own demands and obligations
Role Strain
a cultural norm, value, or social structure that influences how people think, feel, and act
Social Facts
a structure of social connections between individuals or groups, where people are linked to one another through various types of relationships, ranging from close family ties to casual acquaintances, essentially mapping out the web of connections within a community or society
Social Network
the distinctive, stable arrangement of institutions whereby human beings in a society interact and live together
Social Structure
