Midterm Soc- Chapter 6

Question 1

an offence which goes beyond the personal and into the public sphere, breaking prohibitory rules or laws, to which legitimate punishments or sanctions are attached, and which requires the intervention of a public authority

Answer 1

Crime

Question 2

a sociological term for actions or identities that differ from a group’s norms, including both criminal and non-criminal behavior

Answer 2

Deviance

Question 3

criminal behavior is learned, and it is learned the same way any other behavior is learned: through interpersonal communication and social interaction in small, intimate groups

Answer 3

Differential Association Theory

Question 4

the idea that individuals can be significantly influenced by the labels society assigns to them

Answer 4

Labeling Theory

Question 5

gauge how far people would obey an authority figure, even if it meant harming others (shock)

Answer 5

Milgram Study

Question 6

a system of surveillance where individuals are constantly aware of the potential to be watched, leading them to self-regulate their behavior even when they may not be actively monitored, essentially acting as if they are always being observed

Answer 6

Panopticon

Question 7

a way to enforce social norms and control behavior

Answer 7

Sanctions

Question 8

occurs when society or the general public shares negative thoughts or beliefs about a person or group of people

Answer 8

Stigma

Question 9

societal structures can create pressure on individuals to achieve culturally valued goals, even when they lack the means to do so, leading to “strain” which may result in deviant behavior like crime, due to the disconnect between societal expectations and available opportunities

Answer 9

Structural Strain Theory

Question 10

The monitoring of public behaviour for the purposes of population or crime control

Answer 10

Surveillance