final terms Flashcards
(19 cards)
Civil rights movement
1868: 14th amendment, citizenship granted to all
1870: 15th amendment, right to vote regardless of race/color
Blacks served in WW1 and WW2, Korea, and Vietnam
1954: Brown vs. Board of Education
1962: James Meredith at Ole Miss
-wanted to study there, they said no, Federal government said they had to, so he went to school with body guards
factories
factory system
specialized building with specialized equipment
working in the city the base of the industrial revolution
many people moved out of rural, agricultural areas to big cities, in order to find jobs within the factories
horrid living and working conditions
enlightened despots
Catherine 3rd Charles 3rd of Spain Gustav 3rd of Sweden Louis XVI of France Catherine the Great patron of the arts Denis Diderot Voltaire applied the ideas of the enlightenment to their empires
feminism
first wave feminism, late 19th to mid 20th century
main goals: women suffrage, female education, working conditions, reproductive rights
most feminists also anti-slavery, for equal rights to people of color
first wave feminism attracts conservatives and liberals, religious and secular
biggest achievement in the US: 19th amendment of 1920
2nd wave feminism
The Feminine Mystique argues against the domestication of women
widespread use of “women’s liberation”
results: more women in higher education, women/gender studies programs, feminist ideology influential in humanities and social sciences
Also: narrowing wage gap, more professional opportunities, more reproductive rights and access to women’s health services
Susan B. Anthony- fought for social equality (slavery and women’s rights)
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
struggle against rape and pornography that promotes it
Renaissance art (as distinct from medieval)
Gothic -asymmetrical -high ceilings -cruciform -arches Renaissance -perfect shapes (round) -symmetrical -lighted -pleasing to the eye Michelangelo -David sculpture
Berlin wall
a wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West
signified the vision of Europe
eastern side- can’t come close
west- painted/ graffiti
gay rights
Homosexual relationships become taboo in the 19th century
early gay-rights movements in Europe and the US post WW2
active, vocal movements in the 60s, along feminist and civil rights movements
movement grows significantly from late 1970s
from mid 1990s: main struggle focuses on gay marriage/equal rights to heterosexuals in the US, Europe and elsewhere
Characteristics of the 20th century (mostly based on class lectures)
Rwanda Genocide
Cambodian Genocide
Urbanization
Science, Technology, and Medicine
look at this section the study guide
Human rights
Energy:
fossil fuels’ importance rises in the 19th century
oil supersedes coal with the advent of internal combustion engines, commercial aviation
from 1940s: wars about oil
October 1973: Egypt and Syria attack Israel on Yom Kippur; war lasts 3 weeks
US supports Israel with arms
OPEC (Organization of the Oil Exporting Countries) puts an embargo on selling oil to the US
1973 Oil Crisis ends in March 1974
oil brings prosperity to gulf states
in Saudi Arabia: oil produced from the early 1940s
United Arab Emirates: from late 1950s
in Kuwait: from 1961
Global Warming:
data shows earth has been warming continuously since the 19th century
most scientists (97%): humans responsible (confirmed by assessment reports of the UN’s intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change in 2007 and 2013)
factors responsible for warming: burning fossil fuels, release of CO2 to the atmosphere
some scientists: other factors
history shows repeating trends
Food production, 19th and 20th centuries
new technologies to boost production
new plant breeds + GM
less variety, less taste
industrialized food makes the poor poorer, small farms suffer
Scientific, medical, and technological developments, 20th century
1916: Einstein’s theory of general relativity
1924: Edwin Hubble discovers the milky way is just one galaxy
1927: George Lamaitre’s Big Bang Theory
1928: Alexander Fleming’s penicillin
1943: Oswald Avery’s discovery of DNA as our genetic material
1952: polio vaccine
1979: eradication of smallpox
1981: embryonic stem-cell first derived from non-human source
1998: first growing of human stem-cells in a lab (outside host)
1996: first successful cloning of a mammal
1920s: first tv’s, regular programming only after WW2
1936: Alan Turing’s first computer model, algorithms, and computing
1947: first transistor (semiconductor), replaces vacuum tube
1963: Philips introduces the compact cassette
1960s: video cassette recorders introduced
1976-80: Sony and Philips develop the CD
1975-80: personal computers
Korean War (1950s)
Korea ruled by japan 1910 allies divide north/south -north comm. s not really democratic, but supported by america unification talks fail june 1950 N Korea invades the south UN security council decides to to to war, led by US china enters war to support the north did not change anything armistice agreement signed Demilitarized Zone created
the cold war
a conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union
nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years
vietnam war
six day war
cuban revolution
Vietnam war
North vietnam- china and USSR
South Vietnam (US and others)
north had two forces: people’s army of vietnam (regular army) and vietnam cong (guerilla)
regular US deployment from 1965, peak 1968 out of war 1973
north victory April 1975 fall of saigon (now Ho Chi Minh) reunification of vietnam
Great Northern War (1700-1721)
War between the two powers of the Baltic: Russia and Sweden
Different form 30 years war in reasons and goals
Sweden loses, territories partitioned
Russia becomes major power in the Baltic, European politics
Sweden to become a constitutional monarchy
goal to end Swedish partition, not a religious war
Great Wall of China
from 14th and 15th century
Ming Dynasty built this
largest construction project ever during this time period
Music (19th and 20th century)
19th:Franz Schuber and Beethoven (transitions artist) Late romantic music ballet swan lake the nutcracker the sleeping beauty 6 symphonies first piano concerto 1812 overture Romeo and Juliet (overture/symphony) Sergei Rachmaninoff wrote piano concertos 20th:
cubism
transition artist:
Pablo Picasso (d. 1973), founder of the Cubist style in painting and sculpture
Paul Cezanne (d. 1906), a French impressionist artist whose late work inspired Cubism
replaces Impressionism of the 19th century
abstract 3D shapes on a 2D medium
use of geometric shapes
mali empire
Africans are inferior to white Europeans
flourished in early 13th century-1600
the discovery of these people find declining empire and forms idea of African inferiority
led to the slave trade
United States: its rise to being an imperial power
end of WWI was the Beginning of decline of old empires (Britain, France, Italy, Germany) and rise of new ones (US, USSR)
the war gave an economic boost to the US who made and supplied weapons to other countries
motivations for US imperialism
thirst for new markets
desire for military strength
belief in cultural superiority
