Unit 4 Test Terms Flashcards

Question

Charles Darwin and evolution

Answer 1

Evolution = a scientific theory, the core of modern science Explains how life evolved All life on earth comes from one universal organism, 3.8 billion years ago Evolution by natural selection (Darwin), mutation, and genetic drift

Answer 2

diseases travel through air developed by Louis Pasteur (d. 1895), Robert Koch (d. 1910) 4 rules a disease must follow to establish that bacteria was the cause

Answer 3

Idea influenced by popularity of socialism Poor laws in existence all over Europe since the Black Death 1880: Bismarck establishes the first statewide pension system for the elderly, medical care, accident insurance business idea- attract people to stay-everyone was moving to US Businesses and industry widely support the welfare state Other European countries only in the early 20th century Limited welfare in the US from the 1930s as part of Roosevelt’s New Deal Today: Sweden vs. the US very little to do with the welfare state

Answer 4

1807: Slave Trade abolished all over British Empire 1808: no import of slaves to the US 1833: Slavery itself abolished in Britain Up to 1860s: seizure of slave-carrying ships 1860: over 4M slaves in the US 1863: Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation 1865: 13th amendment abolishes slavery in the US Ottomans continue to smuggle slaves into the 1880s but... Human zoos, since at least 15th century 1870s – WWI: exhibitions of exotic populations all over Europe and North America Different forms of involuntary servitude and forced labor still exist

Answer 5

Relief, Recovery, Reform Liberals: supporters of New Deal; Conservatives: opposition to New Deal First phase: banking, railroads Second phase: labor unions, Social Security Act of 1935, The Works Progress Administration (1935), minimum wage (1938). New Deal gets the economy going, WWII helps

Answer 6

``` Mid-18th to mid-19th century in visual arts, into 20th century in music Art reflecting values of period (imperialism, nationalism, but also freedom) In painting: rejection of rules; artist’s feelings and imaginative world; solitude and nature; landscape painting; current events or historical scenes; medieval influences, not Greek/Roman. Eugene Delacroix John Constable Schubert Beethoven late romantic: Tchaikovsky Ballet: Swan Lake The Nutcracker The Sleeping Beauty 6 Symphonies First Piano Concerto Overture Romeo and Juliet (overture/symphony) sergi Rach Maninoff-wrote piano concertos ```

Answer 7

emphasis on depicting light and how it was different throughout the painting; movement apparent, ordinary subjects claud monet, paul cezanne, reior, Van Gogh, paul Gauguin

Answer 8

``` Japanese start and win fought over Manchuria Results of war surprise many, encourage nationalist movements encourages nationalist movements Japanese considered the underdog ```

Answer 9

Phase 1: Bulgaria, Greece, Serbia, Montenegro vs. Ottomans Phase 2: Ottomans, Greece, Serbia, Montenegro, Romania vs. Bulgaria pulls Ottoman attention away from Libya where Italy was invading, allowing Italy to take over there- these two fights caused the ottomans to enter WWI with non functioning army

Answer 10

Allies (france, italy, britain, Russia) VS. central (Germany, Austria-Hungry, Ottoman) Results: Adoption of Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points -opened seas, self determination (countries have control over won land), lessen of military, creation of LoN League of Nations created Beginning of the period of decolonization and nationalist struggles outside Europe/America Beginning of decline of old empires (Britain, France, Italy, Germany) and rise of new ones (US, USSR) collapse of Ottoman and Austrio-hungarian empires remains of empire carved up in treat of Remains of Empire carved up in the Treaty of Sevres of 1920 Nationalist movement rises in Turkey, fights War of Independence 1920-22 -led by Mustafa kemal Ataturk -fights war of independence 1920-22 -New Republic of Turkey is recognized by international community in the Treaty of Lausanne, 1923 Implementation of Sykes-Picot Agreement from 1916 -Britain and France redraw the map of the Middle East -Britain and France receive mandates for the Middle East except Iran and Turkey Emergence of Armenian problem Was there an Armenian Genocide in 1915?

Answer 11

1 million died in war- shaky evidence that ottoman meditated this though young turks in power in the ottoman empire spoke harshly against Armenian -enver Pasha, Cemal Pasha, Talat Pasha

Answer 12

``` starts with collapse of NYSE End of Roaring Twenties Incomes and tax revenue drop International trade affected Unemployment > 25% rise of the Nazis in Germany New Deal ```

Answer 13

Against Communits led by Adolf Hitler -leader of National-socialist AKA Nazi Party -chanceller for January 1933 -communist Boycot parliament when this happens -appoints himself Führer und Reichskanzler from 1934 The Reichstag (German parliament) after the fire, 2/27/1933 -started by Nazis to place blame on communist and give them a bad name why was there wide popular support -the charisma of Hitler was intoxicateing, he was saying everything that they needed/wanted to hear

Answer 14

- Allies (US, USSR, Britain, France) vs. Axis (Germany, Italy, Japan) - War starts with German invasion of Poland - Germans on the offensive till 1942 - US joins war after Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in -December 1941 - 1942: 2 battles of al-Alamein - 1942-3: Battle of Stalingrad (Nazi Operation Barbarossa) - July 1943: Allies’ Invasion of Sicily, Italian campaign - 6 June 1944: D-day, Normandy Landing - Early 1945: Invasion of Germany - Germans surrender to allies in Berlin 1945 - Japan refuses to surrender until after atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 1945

Answer 15

-Overall about 6M Jews murdered -Up to 1942: anti-Jewish laws, concentration camps, executions, ghettos -From 1942: the Final solution + extermination camps -Auschwitz I (work liberates)- Joseph Mengele and Block 10->held medical experiments on the Jews all which ended up being useless, tortured the to see how much a human could endure, standing cells -Auschwitz II (Birkenau), where 1M+ Jews were murdered, this was where most of the jews went, the train came in here and the people were split up into getting killed immediately or being worked essentially to death -International tribunal to prosecute Nazis -Hermann Göring the highest ranking Nazi on trial -Another Nazi on trial: Rudolph Hess, deputy führer until 1941 -Some Nazis escape, mostly to South America under different aliases.

Answer 16

with the industrial revolution, farm equipment was made better causing less need for people to tend to the fields, this resulted in people migrating to the city. This urbanization was aided by the growing of factory production causing in increase in demand for labor in those industrial cites

Answer 17

the british Finance the digging of the Suez Canal, which opens in 1869 connecting the Mediterranean to the red sea, get to china faster starts the Suez crisis -Nasser nationalizes Suez canal causing controversy- results in Britain officially withdrawing troops from egypt

Answer 18

period of Ottoman reforms trying to launch reforms in: tax, religious army, education.... ended by Sultan Adbulhamid II

Unit 4 Test Terms Flashcards

(42 cards)