Finals | Cardiovascular System Flashcards by Eun Woo

Ballooning of the blood vessel

Aneurysm

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Severe chest pain with feeling of suffocation

Angina Pectoris

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Sudden contraction of smooth muscle of the wall of bloodvessel; can interrupt blood flow

Angiospasm

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Narrowing of aorta; Congenital or result of disease

Aortostenosis/ Aortic Stenosis

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Any irregularity in the heart beat

Arrhythmia

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Diminished elasticity of arterial walls

Arteriosclerosis

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Fatty deposit that obstructs blood flow through a vessel, usually artery

Atheroma

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Fatty deposits within a blood vessel

Atherosclerosis

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Abnormally slow heart beat

Bradycardia

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Differentiate heart beat per minute during bradychardia, normal beat, and tachycardia

Bradychardia: <60bpm
Normal: 60-100 bpm
Tachycardia: >100bpm

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Cessation of cardiac function

Cardiac arrest

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Non-synchronous muscular contraction

Cardiac arrest

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What happens when the heart stops during cardiac arrest?

Brain losses oxygen, causing death

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Genral term for any disease of theheart muscle

Cardiomyopathy

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Narrowing of blood vessel; congenital malformation

Coarctation

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Indication of coarctation

Different bp in upper and lower limbs

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The ability of the heart to pump blood is impaired causing fluid to back up in the lungs and other tissues

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

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Impair the ability of the coronary arteries to deliver an adequate supply of blood to the heart muscle

Coronary Artery Disease

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Sudden blockage of an artery by a clot or other particle circulating in the blood

Embolism

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Embolus vs thrombus

Embolus: travels throughout the blood
Thrombus: stationary blood clot on affected area

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Type of HTN in which the cause of elevated blood pressure is unknown

Essential hypertension

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Essential hypertension- vs general HTN

Essential: cause is unknown
General: Has stressor/ cause

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Irregular, quivering contractions of ventricular muscle resting from desynchronization of electrical impulses in the heart

Fibrillation

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Characterized by rapid but regular contractions of the atria or ventricles

Flutter

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Disturbance in the transmission of electrical signals through the cardiac conduction system

Heart Block

Consistently elevated BP

Hypertension

Abnormally low blood pressure

Hypotension

Normal bp vs Hypertension vs Hypotension

Normal: 120/80 mmHg Hypertension: 140/90 mmHg Hypotension: 90/60 mmHg

Area of necrosis occurring as a result of oxygen deprivation

Infarction

Temporary oxygen deficiency due to an interruption of blood flow to a tissue or organ

Ischemia

Enlargement of the left ventricular wall

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy usually occur as a result of ---

chronic HTN

Dangerously high BP which is sustained over time, causing damage to the vasculature

Malignant Hypertension

Worst type of HTN

Malignant Hypertension

Narrowing of the opening between the left atrium and left ventricle, with obstruction of blood flow between them

Mitral Stenosis

Condition in which a flap of the mitral valve collapses into the left atrium during systole

Mitral Valve Prolapse

Soft blowing sound heard between normal beats of the heart, usually resulting from vibration in a valve

Murmur

Condition in which delivery of oxygen to a portion of the heart muscle is impaired, resulting in death of the tissue in thatarea

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

Myocardial Infarction (MI) is also referred to as ?

Heart attack

Inflammation of the muscular layer of the heart wall, usually due to infections

Myocarditis

An unusually rapid or strong heart beat that is perceptible to the patient

Palpitation

Inflammation of the fibrous sac surrounding the heart, usually due to infection

Pericarditis

Define pericardium

Double layer membrane of the heart

Progressive disease in which the blood vessels of the legs become narrower

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Peripheral Vascular Disease is a rogressive disease in which the blood vesselsof the (1) become (2), usually due to (3)

1. legs 2. narrower 3. atherosclerosis

Inflammation of the vein

Phlebitis

Phlebitis - Nearly always the (1); - (2) and painful - red, warm - lump usually (3) in shape; - usually along line of (4) or (5)

1. legs 2. Tender 3. tubular 4. inner thigh 5. calf

Vascular disorder in which the fingers and toes become cold, numb and painful as a result of temporary constriction of blood vessels in the skin

Raynaud’s phenomenon

Difference of raynaud's phenomenon and frostbite

Raynaud's phenomenon: - Disruption of blood flow - Skin turns red, blue, then white Frostbite: - Might need to amputate in serious cases because of necrosis - Skin turns black

Caused by rheumatic fever, in which persistent streptococcal infection causes inflammation and scarring of the valves, impairing their ability to open and close normally

Rheumatic Heart Disease

Type of HTN in which blood pressure is elevated as a result of another condition, usually kidney disease

Secondary Hypertension

A condition that makes your heart beat more than 100 beats per minute

Tachycardia

An inflammatory process that causes a blood clot to form and block one or more veins, usually in your legs.

Thrombophlebitis

The formation or presence of a blood clot in a blood vessel. The vessel may be any vein or artery

Thrombosis

The inflammation of the heart valves

Valvulitis

Valvulitisi s a common complication of ---

Acute Rheumatic Fever

Swollen, twisted veins that you can see just under the skin.

Varicose Veins

Varicose Veins usually occur in the ---, but also can form in other parts of the body

legs

The sudden contraction of the muscular walls of an artery.

Vasospasm

A procedure used to visualize blood vessels in various parts of the body, typically using contrast media and X-ray imaging. Modality: Radiography. Machine: X-ray machine. Technique: Injection of contrast media into the blood vessels.

ANGIOGRAPHY

A procedure to examine how well the heart is working by inserting a catheter into a blood vessel and guiding it into the heart. Modality: Interventional radiology. Machine: Catheterization lab equipment. Technique: Catheter insertion and imaging with fluoroscopy.

CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION

A type of imaging that uses small amounts of radioactive materials to diagnose heart conditions. Modality: Nuclear medicine. Machine: Gamma camera. Technique: Injection of radioactive tracer and imaging with a gamma camera.

CARDIAC NUCLEAR MEDICINE IMAGING

A non-invasive test that uses sound waves to create images of the heart's structures. Modality: Ultrasound. Machine: Echocardiography machine. Technique: Use of ultrasound probe on the chest.

ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

A test that records the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time using electrodes placed on the skin Modality: Electrophysiology. Machine: ECG machine. Technique: Placement of electrodes on the skin.

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY

A procedure to remove fluid from the sac around the heart (pericardium) using a needle and catheter. Modality: Interventional radiology. Machine: Ultrasound machine for guidance. Technique: Ultrasound-guided insertion of a needle into the pericardial space.

PERICARDIOCENTESIS

The measurement of blood pressure using a device called a sphygmomanometer. Modality: Physical examination. Machine: Sphygmomanometer. Technique: Inflating a cuff around the arm and measuring pressure.

SPHYGMOMANOMETRY

A test that measures the heart's ability to respond to stress, typically exercise, by monitoring ECG, heart rate, and blood pressure. Modality: Cardiology. Machine: Treadmill or exercise bike with ECG monitoring. Technique: Exercise while being monitored.

STRESS TEST

Continuous monitoring of a patient's vital signs, such as ECG, heart rate, and oxygen levels, using wireless devices. Modality: Cardiology. Machine: Telemetry unit. Technique: Placement of wireless sensors on the body.

TELEMETRY MONITORING

A type of echocardiography that uses a probe inserted into the esophagus to create images of the heart. Modality: Ultrasound. Machine: TEE echocardiography machine. Technique: Insertion of a probe into the esophagus.

TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

A procedure to visualize veins in the body using contrast media and X-ray imaging. Modality: Radiography. Machine: X-ray machine. Technique: Injection of contrast media into a vein and imaging with X-rays.

VENOGRAPHY

A procedure to visualize the ventricles of the heart using contrast media and X-ray imaging. Modality: Radiography. Machine: X-ray machine. Technique: Injection of contrast media into the heart's ventricles and imaging with X-rays.

VENTRICULOGRAPHY