Finals | Urinary System Flashcards by Eun Woo

REN/O

Kidney

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

VESIC/O

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

KETON/O

Ketone bodies

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

UR/O

Urine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

-URIA

abnormal urine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Occurs when the kidneys aren’t producing urine.

Anuria/ Anuresis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

An inflammation of the bladder. In most cases, the cause is UTI.

Cystitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Bulging or dropping of the bladder into the vagina.

Cystocele

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cystocele AKA

“prolapsed or dropped
bladder”

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stone in the urinary bladder.

Cystolith

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Kidneys filter too much
bodily fluid.

Diuresis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Dysuria- a symptom of (1), (2), or (3) when urinating. It is more common in (4)

pain
discomfort
burning
women

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Last stage (stage 5) of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

End-stage renal disease (ESRD)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ESRD as last stage of CKD means that kidneys are only functioning at — percent of their normal capacity.

10 to 15

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ESRD aka

End-stage renal failure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

ESRD makes use of what procedure to check for the function of kidney? It is used when pt will undergo CM exam

Glomeluar Filtration Rate (GFR)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Disorders of the kidneys, bladder, or ureter and/or poor control of the muscles that control the release of urine

Enuresis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Enuresis aka

Bed wetting /Involuntary urination

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Enuresis is normal for?

Children and geriatrics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Inflammation of the tiny filters in your kidneys

Glomerulonephritis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When a kidney swells due to urine failing to properly drain from the kidney to the bladder. This swelling most commonly affects only one kidney, but it can involve both kidneys.

Hydronephrosis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hydronephrosis (1) of the renal collecting system of one or both kidneys due to (2)

dilation and distention
obstruction of urine outflow distal to the renal pelvis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Stone in the kidney

Nephrolithiasis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tumor of the kidney cortex

Nephroma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A disease of the kidneys caused by damage to the small blood vessels or to the units in the kidneys that clean the blood.

Nephropathy

Hardening of the walls of the small arteries and arterioles of the kidney.

Nephrosclerosis

Nephrosclerosis is caused by ---

hypertension (high blood pressure).

Appearance of the cortical surface in benign nephrosclerosis

Fine, leathery, granularity of cortical surface

Tiny canals that make up much of the substance of the kidney.

kidney tubules

Any degenerative disease of the kidney tubules,

Nephrosis

Medical term for excessive urination at night.

Nocturia

Urine output for oliguria

1. Infants: < 1 mL/kg/h 2. Children: < 0.5 mL/kg/h 3. Adults <400 mL daily

Oliguria is one of the clinical hallmarks of (1) and has been used as a criterion for diagnosing and staging (2).

1. renal failure 2. acute kidney injury (AKI)

Normal pH value of urine

4.5-8

Occurs when you urinate more than normal.

Excessive urination volume (or polyuria)

Polyuria: Urine volume is considered excessive if it equals --- liters per day.

more than 2.5

Type of urinary tract infection (UTI) that generally begins in your urethra or bladder and travels to one or both of your kidneys.

Pyelonephritis

A type of pain you get when urinary stones block part of your urinary tract.

Renal colic

Condition of having high levels of urea in the blood;

Uremia

Uremia is a serious complication of (1) and acute kidney injury (2)

1. CKD 2. acute kidney injury

When does uremia occur?

When urea and other waste products build up in the body because the kidneys are unable to eliminate them.

Stricture of the ureter

Ureterostenosis

Inflammation of the urethra.

Urethritis

Inability to completely or partially empty the bladder.

Urinary retention

Suffering from urinary retention means you may be unable to (1), or if you are able to start, you can't fully (2).

1. start urination 2. empty your bladder

DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES for Urinary System

1. BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) 2. Catheterization 3. Cystography 4. Intravenous pyelography (IVP) 5. Urinalysis 6. Voiding cystourethrography

Measure the amount of urea nitrogen found in the blood

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen)

Human adult blood

10-50 mg/dL

Allows patient’s urine to drain freely from the bladder for collection.

Catheterization

Imaging test that can help diagnose problems of the bladder.

Cystography

Radiologic procedure used to visualize abnormalities of the urinary system

Intravenous pyelography (IVP)/ “INTRAVENOUS UROGRAM”,

Clinical urine test, test of the urine to detect and manage a wide range of disorders in the urinary tract

Urinalysis

Technique to visualize a person’s urethra and UB while the patient urinates.

Voiding cystourethrography/ Micturating cystourethrography (MCU)

URINALYSIS RESULTS can be

1. ALBUMINURIA 2. BACTERURIA 3. GLYCOSURIA 4. HEMATURIA 5. KETONURIA 6. PROTEINURIA 7. PYURIA

Presence of albumin in the kidney

ALBUMINURIA

ALBUMINURIA is commonly a symptom of ---

kidney disease

Presence of bacteria in the urine, having asymptomatic bacteriuria

BACTERURIA

condition characterized by an excess of sugar in the urine, typically associated w/ diabetes/kidney disease.

GLYCOSURIA

Presence of blood in the persons urine

HEMATURIA

HEMATURIA can be manifested by

1. GROSS HEMATURIA 2. MICROSCOPIC HEMATURIA

GROSS HEMATURIA vs MICROSCOPIC HEMATURIA

1. GROSS HEMATURIA: Blood seen with the naked eye 2. MICROSCOPIC HEMATURIA: seen with microscope

Excretion of abnormally large amounts of ketone bodies in the urine, characteristic of diabetes mellitus, starvation/other medical condition.

KETONURIA

KETONURIA is the excretion of abnormally large amounts of ketone bodies in the urine, characteristic of (1), (2)/other medical condition.

1. diabetes mellitus 2. starvation

Presence of abnormalities quantities of protein in the urine, which may indicate damage to the kidneys.

PROTEINURIA

Presence of puss in the urine typically from bacterial infection.

PYURIA

THERAPEUTIC CONDITIONS for Reproductive System

1. CYSTECTOMY 2. CYSTOPLASTY 3. HEMODIALYSIS 4. LITHOTRIPSY 5. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS 6. PYELOPLASTY 7. NEPHRECTOMY 8. RENAL BIOPSY 9. RENAL TRANSPLANTATION 10. URETHEROPLASTY

Treat utero-pelvic junction obstruction if residual renal function is adequate

PYELOPLASTY

Surgical procedure for bladder enlargement

CYSTOPLASTY

Kidney dialysis, one of 3 renal replacement therapies.

HEMODIALYSIS

Physical destruction of the hardened masses like kidney stones, bezoar, gallstones.

LITHOTRIPSY

Type of dialysis which uses the peritoneum in a person’s abdomen as a membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchanged with blood.

PERITONEAL DIALYSIS

Surgival removal of kidney

NEPHRECTOMY- Bilateral nephrectomy

Small piece of kidney is removed from the body for examinations usually under a microscope.

RENAL BIOPSY

Surgical procedure that is performed to remove the ureteral strictures

RENAL TRANSPLANTATION

Repair of an injury or defect within the walls of the urethra

URETHEROPLASTY