Midterm | General Aspects of Med and its Allied Profession Flashcards
1
Q
PHYSICAL AGENTS
A
A. NOISE
B. PRESSURE
C. LIGHT
D. COLD
E. RADIATION
F. HEAT
PH LiNoCoRad
2
Q
Common disorders due to noise
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Occupational deafness
3
Q
Membrane damaged in occupational deafness
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Cochlea
4
Q
Common disorders due to pressure
A
Air embolism, blast injury
5
Q
dB classifications and their equivalence
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30db: whisper
60db: normal conversation
70db: ear membranes are slowly being damaged
90db: ex. motorcycles
120db: stimulating deafness
6
Q
Common disorders due to light
A
- Occupational cataract
- Miner’s nystagmus
7
Q
Common disorders due to cold
A
- Hypothermia
- Frostbite
- Trench foot
- Raynaud’s disease
8
Q
Common disorders due to radiation
A
- Genetic changes
- aplastic anemia
- keratoses
- sunburn
- radiodermatitis
- photosensitives
- cancers
Rad PACKSG
9
Q
Common disorders due to heat
A
- Heat stroke
- heat hyperpyrexia
- heat syncope
- heat exhaustion
- heat rash
- burns
- hyperhidrosis
- erythema
- telangiectasia
10
Q
Bone marrow does not produce enought blood cells
A
Aplastic anemia
11
Q
Any protuberance on the skin
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Keratoses
12
Q
Integumentary system’s respinse to ionizing radiation exposure
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Radiodermatitis
13
Q
Skin’s unusual reaction to UV r adiation
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Photosensitivity
14
Q
Fainting/ passing out
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Syncope
15
Q
Dilated/ broken blood vessels near sking surface
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Telangiectasia
16
Q
RADIATION HAZARD AND INJURY
A
- UV Radiation
- Infrared radiation
- Lasers
- Ultrasound
17
Q
Source and health effects of UV radiation
A
Source: UV tanning equipment
Effect: Short-term sunburn
18
Q
Source and health effects of Infrared radiation
A
Source:
- Infrared heat lamps used in deep heat treatments
- Infrared hair dryers
Effects: (LBCS)
- Conjunctivitis
- Long-term premature skin aging
- Skin cancer and cataracts
- Burns to skin and eye tissue
19
Q
Source and health effects of lasers
A
Source: Beauty industry treatments (eg. skin exfoliation and hair removal)
Effects:
- Skin damage
- Eye damage including blindness
20
Q
Source and health effects of ultrasound
A
Source: Beauty industry geat treatment and skin exfoliation
Effects: Overheating and burning of body tissue
21
Q
Disorders involving the protein-rich tissue
A
CONNECTIVE TISUE DISEASE
22
Q
Examples of protein-rich tissues
A
Fat, bone and cartilage
23
Q
CONNECTIVE TISUE DISEASE includes:
A
- Joints
- muscles and skin
- organ and organ systems
- eyes
- heart
- lungs
- kidneys and GIT
- blood vessels
24
Q
Classifications of connective tissue diseases
A
A. INHERITED DISORDERS
B. AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES
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➢More than 10 disorders
➢Characterized: Over-flexible joints, stretchy skin, and abnormal growth of scar tissue.
➢SYMPTOMS: Mild to disabling
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)
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EDS is characterized by
➢ Over-flexible joints
➢ stretchy skin
➢ abnormal growth of scar tissue
➢ mild to disabling symptoms
(OMSA)
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➢Skin is fragile (tears/ blisters as a result of minor bump, stumble or even friction from clothing); slow-healing
Epidermolysis bullosa (EB)
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MARFAN SYNDROME is characterized by
➢ TALL, EXTREMELY LONG BONES,
➢ THIN “SPIDER-LIKE” FINGERS AND TOES
➢ Eye problems (Abnormal placement of eye lens and enlargement of the AORTA)
(TATE)
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OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA is characterized by
➢ Brittle bones
➢ low muscle mass
➢ lax joints and ligaments
➢ soft bones; easily fractured
(SB Low Lax)
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Other term for osteogenesis imperfecta
Brittle bone disease
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Inherited connective tissue diseases
1. Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)
2. Epidermolysis bullosa (EB)
3. MARFAN SYNDROME
4. OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
(O MEE)
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Inflammation of the muscles and the skin
POLYMYOSITIS AND DERMATOMYOSITIS
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Immune system attacks the thin membrane, lining of joints, causing pain, stiffness, warmth and swelling of the joint and inflammation throughout the body
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
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Thickened membrane causing rheumatoid arthritis, making it hard to clench fist
Synovial membrane
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RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS can lead to (1) and (2)
1. PERMANENT joint damage
2. deformity
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RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS is characterized by:
➢ pain
➢ stiffness
➢ warmth
➢ swelling of the joint
➢ inflammation throughout the body
(WISPS)
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SCLERODERMA causes these
➢ thick, tight skin (collagen buildup),
➢ buildup of scar tissue
➢ organ damage
(SOT)
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Cause of scleroderma
Cause is unknown
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General categories of scleroderma
Localized scleroderma
Systemic sclerosis
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Localized scleroderma vs systemic sclerosis
Localized scleroderma: often affects only the skin and not major organs
Systemic sclerosis: affects the skin and may affect the tissues under it, including blood vessels and major organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract, heart, lungs or kidneys; “sclerosis” (hardening) may occur in the internal systems of the body
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➢Immune system attacks the moisture-producing glands
➢Mildly uncomfortable to debilitating
➢May experience EXTREME FATIGUE AND JOINT PAIN
SJOGREN’S SYNDROME
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Individuals with SJOGREN's SYNDROME may experience these
EXTREME FATIGUE AND JOINT PAIN
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Inflammation of joints, skin and internal organs
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE/LUPUS)
44
Cure for lupus
Chronic disease with NO cure; treatment and comfort can only be given
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Some signs and symptoms for SLE
➢ Flushing cheeks causing pain
➢ Internal pain/ discomfort without known cause
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➢ Inflammation of the BV
➢ Affects blood flow to organs and other body tissues
➢ Group of rare diseases (ex. angiitis)
VASCULITIS
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➢Characterized of several diseases
➢Mild symptoms, others may experience life-threatening complications
MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE
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Autoimmune connective tissue diseases
1. POLYMYOSITIS AND DERMATOMYOSITIS
2. RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
3. SCLERODERMA
4. SJOGREN’S SYNDROME
5. SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (SLE/LUPUS)
6. VASCULITIS
7. MIXED CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE
SSS VP RM
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➢ Redness and swelling (inflammation) of the lining of your belly or abdomen (peritoneum)
➢ Caused by an infection. Bacteria can enter the lining of the belly from a hole in the GI tract. This can happen if you have a hole in your colon or a burst appendix.
Peritonitis
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➢ Inflammation of the layers that surround the brain and spinal cord (meninges) during the first 28 days of life
➢ Often caused by group B streptococcus
Neonatal meningitis
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➢ Clinical name for blood poisoning by bacteria. It is the body's most extreme response to an infection.
➢ Caused by large amounts of bacteria entering the bloodstream
Septicaemia
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Other term for septicaemia
Sepsis
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➢ It is an inflammatory process involving the bone and its structures
➢ Caused by pyogenic organisms that spread through the bloodstream, fractures, or surgery.
Pyogenic osteomyelitis
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➢ An infection in the joint (synovial) fluid and joint tissue; painful infection in a joint that can come from germs that travel through your bloodstream from another part of your body
➢ Can be caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infections. Bacterial infection with Staphylococcus aureus (staph) is the most common cause.
Septic arthritis
55
Pyogenic bacteria diseases
1. Peritonitis
2. Neonatal meningitis
3. Septicaemia
4. Pyogenic osteomyelitis
5. Septic arthritis
PSPS Neo
56
➢ It is a chronic infectious disease that affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and the eyes.
➢ Caused by a type of bacteria called Mycobacterium leprae
Leprosy
57
Other term for leprosy
Hansen's disease
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➢ Adangerous virus that causes brain inflammation. It is fatal but preventable viral disease.
➢ People are usually infected following a deep bite or scratch from an animal with this virus
Rabies
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➢ A type of infection caused by an intestinal worm and transmitted through contaminated soil. These worms live in the intestines of the people they infect. While in the intestines, they will lay thousands of eggs each day. These eggs end up in a person's feces. When a person defecates on the ground, these eggs will then contaminate the soil.
SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS
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➢ A parasitic disease transmitted by black flies and mosquitoes. These parasites are thin, round, worm-like organisms. They appear white or translucent when observed under a microscope.
Filariasis
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➢ An infection caused by a parasitic worm that lives in fresh water in subtropical and tropical regions commonly called blood flukes.
Schistosomiasis
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➢ Diseases generally caused by eating or drinking food or beverages contaminated by bacteria, parasites or viruses.
FOOD AND WATER-BORNE DISEASES
63
Prevalent NTDs according to the Philippine Information Agency
1. LEPROSY
2. RABIES
3. SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHIASIS
4. FILARIASIS
5. SCHISTOSOMIASIS
6. FOOD AND WATER-BORNE DISEASES
LeRaFiFo SS
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Contracted and transmitted by sexual contact
VENEREAL DISEASES (VD)
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VD are caused by microorganisms that survive on the (1) or (2), transmitted via (3), (4), OR (5).
1. skin
2. mucus membranes
3. SEMEN
4. VAGINAL SECRETIONS
5. BLOOD DURING INTERCOURSE
66
VENEREAL DISEASES (VD)
* “Morbus venereus” or STD
➢ AIDS
➢ chlamydia
➢ genital warts
➢ gonorrhea
➢ syphilis
➢ yeast infections
➢ some forms of hepatitis
(YAC GGSS)
67
Tuberculosis is caused by a bacteria called (1) which attacks the (2) and damage other parts of the body
1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2. lungs
68
Transmission of TB
Spreads through air (cough, sneezing or talking)
69
Person with TB bacteria but shows no visible sign and symptoms; asymptomatic patients
LATENT TB BACTERIA
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Indigenous to tropical or subtropical areas of the world/occurs principally in those areas
TROPICAL DISEASE
71
NTDs
NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES
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The (1) is on track to end NTDs by (2), and has laid out (3) areas of concentration which will target NTDs such as schistosomiasis, filariasis and water-borne diseases, among others.
1. DOH
2. 2030
3. four
73
Deficiencies or excesses in the diet, obesity and eating disorders and chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, HPTN, cancer and diabetes mellitus
NUTRITIONAL COMMON DISORDERS
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NUTRITIONAL COMMON DISORDERS can include (1) that can be prevented by diet, (2) that respond to dietary treatment, the interaction of foods and nutrients with (3), (4) and intolerances, and potential hazards in the (5)
1. developmental abnormalities
2. hereditary metabolic disorders
3. drugs
4. food allergies
5. food supply
75
NUTRITIONAL COMMON DISORDERS and key nutrients involved
1. Xerophthalmia (Vit A)
2. Rickets (Vit D)
3. Beriberi (Thiamin)
4. Pellagra (Niacin)
5. Scurvy (Vit C)
6. Iron-deficiency anemia (Iron)
7. Goiter (Iodine)
(XR BP SIG)
76
Include highly toxic chemicals not meant for human indigestion or contact, such as CYANIDE, PAINT THINNERS OR HOUSEHOLD CLEANING PRODUCTS
POISONING
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POISONING can include indigestion or contact to these
➢ CYANIDE
➢ PAINT THINNERS
➢ HOUSEHOLD CLEANING PRODUCTS
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MEDICAL TREATMENT FOR POISONING
1. ELIMINATION
2. ANTIDOTES
79
ELIMINATION get rid of the unabsorbed poison before it can do any harm through (1), (2,) or (3)
1. INTUBATION
2. ACTIVATED CHARCOAL
3. WHOLE BODY IRRIGATION
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Prevent the poison from working or
reversing the effects of the poison
ANTIDOTES
