Finals | Nervous System Flashcards by Eun Woo

Disease symptom that causes a person to lose the ability to move their muscles on their own

Akinesia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Progressive disorder that causes brain cells to waste away (degenerate) and die.

Alzheimer’s disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Common patients for AD

Geriatric

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Disorder that results from damage to portions of the brain that are responsible for language. For most people, these areas are on the left side of the brain.

Aphasia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lack of muscle coordination that may affect a person’s speech, eye movements, and ability to swallow, walk, and pick up objects, among other voluntary movements.

Ataxia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Condition that causes a temporary weakness or paralysis of the muscles in the face.

Bell’s palsy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Group of disorders that affect movement and muscle tone or posture.

Cerebral palsy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cause of cerebral palsy

It’s caused by damage that occurs to the immature brain as it develops, most often before birth.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“stroke”

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens during CVA

Blood flow to a part of the brain is stopped either by a blockage or the rupture of a blood vessel.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A prolonged state of unconsciousness.

Coma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Coma vs deep sleep

Coma: Person is alive and looks like he is sleeping vut cannot be awakened by any stimulation, including pain
Deep sleep: person can be awakened by any stimulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Define concussion

Bumping of head

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is concussion considered as?

Minor brain injury

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A continuous decline in thinking, behavioral and social skills that disrupts a person’s ability to function independently

Dementia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most common cause of dementia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words (decoding).

Dyslexia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The majority of cases are caused by either a viral infection or the immune system mistakenly attacking brain tissue.

Encephalitis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is affected by encephalitis?

Only ONE hemisphere of the brain is affected

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

White structures on an MRI can be seen in the presence of enephalitis. What causes this?

Caused by viral infection (whixh engulfs the brain tissue)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A chronic disorder that causes unprovoked, recurrent seizures

Epilepsy

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

“Group of tumors”

Glioma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Where does glioma arise from?

Glial cells in the brain

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Funtion of the glial cells

Supports the function of the main brain cell type (neuron)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is affected by glioma?

Usually happen in the cerebral hemispheres of the brain

These seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Grand mal

Grand mal is also known as ?

“generalized tonic-clonic seizures”

What does “generalized tonic-clonic seizures” involve?

Muscle contractions Muscle rigidity Loss of consciousness

Grand mal vs Petite mal

Grand mal: worse and longer Petite mal: <15 secs seizures

Weakness or the inability to move on one side of the body, one-sided weakness in your arms, hands, face, chest, legs or feet.

Hemiparesis or Hemiplegia

Differentiate hemiplegia, paraplegia, and quadriplegia

Hemiplegia: affects one side of body Paraplegia: both sides of lower limb (pelvic area to down) Quadriplegia: all limbs

Fatal genetic disorder that causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain.

Huntington’s chorea

Huntington’s chorea deteriorates a person’s (1) and (2) abilities usually during their (3) years and has (4)

1. mental 2. physical 3. prime working 4. no cure

Describe the appearance of huntington's disease

Enlarged frontal horns of the lateral ventricles of brain; looks lke a big butterfly

Define lethargy

Lack of energy; state of tiredness/ fatigue

Progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord.

Lou Gehrig’s disease

Other term for Lou Gehrig’s disease

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Named after a basketball player who first experienced the disease

Lou Gehrig’s disease

A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling.

Meningitis

An unpredictable disease of the central nervous system that disrupts the flow of information within the brain, and between the brain and body.

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Characterized by weakness and rapid fatigue of any of the muscles under your voluntary control.

Myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis is caused by?

It's caused by a breakdown in the normal communication between nerves and muscles.

Define myelitis

Inflammation of spinal cord

A neurological disorder that affects your ability to wake and sleep.

Narcolepsy

People with narcolepsy have excessive, uncontrollable ---. They may also suddenly fall asleep at any time, during any type of activity.

daytime sleepiness

Severe, shooting pain that occurs due to a damaged or irritated nerve. It can affect any part of the body

Neuralgia

Among the many causes of neuritis include ?

Various viruses and local irritation of a nerve by adjacent tissues.

Neuroblastome is a type of (1) that forms in (2) called (3).

1. cancer 2. nerve cells 3. neuroblasts

Neuroblasts normally turn into (1). But in neuroblastoma, they form a (2).

1. working nerve cells 2. tumor

It is a benign growth of nerve tissue frequently found between the third and fourth toes.

Neuroma

Neuroma is also called ?

"Pinched nerve”/ nerve tumor.

Where is neuroma usually found?

third and fourth toes.

A spinal cord injury that paralyses the lower limbs.

Paraplegia

What causes paraplegia?

It is a result of severe damage to the spinal cord and the nervous system

Prickling, burning, tingling, numb, itching, or "skin crawling" feeling; Caused by a pressure on a nerve. When that pressure is gone the feeling goes away. But in some cases, it doesn't go away.

Paresthesia

Parkinson’s disease is a brain disorder that leads to ?

shaking, stiffness, and difficulty with walking, balance, and coordination.

Shaking during parkinson's disease can be called ---

Tremor

Forms of generalized seizures causing a temporary loss of consciousness; brief, usually <15 seconds, and they have symptoms that may be barely noticeable

Petit mal

Other term for Petit mal

Absence seizures

Highly infectious viral disease, which mainly affects young children.

Poliomyelitis/ Polio

The virus is transmitted by person-to-person spread mainly through the fecal-oral route or, less frequently, by a common vehicle (e.g., contaminated water or food) and multiplies in the intestine, from where it can invade the nervous system and can cause paralysis.

Poliomyelitis/ Polio

Paralysis caused by illness or injury that results in the partial or total loss of use of all four limbs and torso

Quadriplegia

A common type of pain affecting the sciatic nerve

Sciatica

Where are sciatic nerves located?

Lower back down to the foot

Sudden, temporary, bursts of electrical activity in the brain that change or disrupt the way messages are sent between brain cells.

Seizures

Two types of seizures

Grand mal vs Petite mal

Reactivation of a viral infection in the nerves to the skin that causes pain, burning, or a tingling sensation, along with an itch and blisters in the skin supplied by the affected nerve.

Shingles

Shingles is caused by which virus ?

varicella zoster virus

“Sleepwalking”

Somnambulism

A behavior disorder that originates during deep sleep and results in walking or performing other complex behaviors while asleep

Somnambulism

Who is affected by somnambulism?

Children or sleep-deprived adults

Can be a serious mental state where people don’t respond to normal conversation.

Stupor

Stupor is when one don’t respond to (1). Instead, they respond only to (2), such as to pain or rubbing on their chest, which is known as a (3)

1. normal conversation 2. physical stimulation 3. sternal rub

Stupor can alse be referred to as?

Deep state od unconsciousness

“passing out”

Syncope

Syncope is usually related to insufficient blood flow to the (1). It's also called (2) a temporary (3)

1. brain 2. fainting 3. loss of consciousness

A temporary period of symptoms similar to those of a stroke.

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A TIA usually lasts (1) and doesn't cause (2).

1. a few minutes 2. permanent damage

An involuntary, rhythmic muscle contraction leading to shaking movements in one or more parts of the body

Tremor

What causes tremor?

Caused by a problem in the deep parts of the brain that control movement.