Prelim | Medical Abbreviations and Symbols Flashcards
(116 cards)
1
Q
Condition in which one or more body parts are not functioning normally.
A
Disease
2
Q
Study of nature and cause of disease that involves changes in structure and function.
A
Pathology
3
Q
Origination and development of a disease
A
Pathogenesis
4
Q
Identifying a disease from its s/s
A
Diagnosis
5
Q
Attempt to determine which one of several disease can be producing the s/s that are present
A
Differential Diagnosis
6
Q
Study of the causes of diseases
A
Etiology
7
Q
Rapid onset, severe course and SHORT duration.
A
Acute
8
Q
If (1) is increased, the (2) will also be increased but this will only happen in a shoty period of time
A
- dose
- severity
9
Q
LONG duration
Although such disease can be controlled, they are rarely cured
A
Chronic
10
Q
Pathological condition resulting from a prior disease, injury or attack
A
Sequelae
11
Q
Unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment.
A
Iatrogenic
12
Q
Temporary, partial, or complete disappearance of the symptoms of a disease w/o having achieved a cure.
A
Remission
13
Q
Returning of signs and symptoms
A
Relapse
14
Q
Disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting.
A
Nosocomial
15
Q
Illness without known cause.
A
Idiopathic
16
Q
Prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disorder.
A
Prognosis
17
Q
Used for prognosis
A
Tumor grading
18
Q
What does tumor grading looks at?
A
Tumor size
Lymph nodes
Metastasis
19
Q
Describe T1-T4
A
T1: Tumor size <2cm
T2: 2-5 cm
T3: >5cm
T4: Tumor extends to skin or chest wall
20
Q
Describe N0-N3
A
N0: No lymph node matastasis
N1: Metastasis to ipsilateral, movable, axillary LNs
N2: Metastasis to ipsilateral fixed axillary; or Internal Mammary LNs
N3: Metastasis to infraclavicular/ supraclavicular LN, or to axillary and IM LNs
21
Q
Describe Metastasis tumor grading
A
M0: No distant metastasis
M1: Distant metastasis
22
Q
Worst type of tumor grading
A
T4, N3, M1
23
Q
Present before birth.
Before birth, prenatal influences, premature birth, injuries during birth process
A
Congenital Disease
24
Q
Pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
A
Hereditary Disease
25
Genetically transmitted from parent to offspring
Hereditary Disease
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Disease resulting from a localized reaction that produces redness, warmth, swelling, and pain as a result of infection, irritation, or injury.
Inflammatory Disease
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Resulted from mechanical force
Traumatic Disease
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Conditions that cause tumor growth-both benign and malignant.
Neoplastic Disease
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Progressive deterioration resulting in the loss of tissue or organ function.
Degenerative Disease
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Commonly affected by degenerative diseases
Geriatric patients
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Disturbance of the normal physiologic function of the body.
Metabolic Disease
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No symptom
Asymptomatic
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Sign vs Symptom
SIGN: Objective evidence of disease such as a fever.
SYMPTOM: Subjective evidence of a disease, such as pain or a headache.
34
A set of the signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process.
Syndrome
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A disease, structure, operation, or procedure named for the person who discovered or described it first.
Eponym
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Manifestation of damage to tissue cells
ATROPHY
HYPERTROPHY
HYPERPLASIA
METAPLASIA
DYSPLASIA
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Increase in the size of cells without cell division
Hypertrophy
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Increase in the number of cells of a tissue due to an increase in the frequency of cell division
Hyperplasia
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A decrease in the size of cells, with a subsequent decrease in the size of the affected tissue or organ; wasting away
Atrophy
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The transformation of one type of cell into another.
Metaplasia
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Alteration in the size, shape, and organization of cells due to chronic irritation or inflammation
Dysplasia
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May progress to neoplasia (tumor formation, usually malignant) or revert to normal if the irritation is removed.
Dysplasia
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Local response of living mammalian tissues to injury due to any agent
Inflammation
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Causes of inflammation
1. Infective agents
2. Immunological agents
3. Physical agents
4. Chemical agents
5. Inert materials
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Examples of infective agents
Bacteria, viruses and their toxins, fungi, parasites
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Examples of immunological agents
Cell-mediated and antigen-antibody reactions
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Examples of physical agents
Heat, cold, radiation, mechanical trauma
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Examples of chemical agents
Organic and inorganic poisons
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Examples of inert materials
Foreign bodies
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Example include food allergies
Infective agents
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Example include medicine
Immunological agents
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5 cardinal signs of inflammation
1. Pain (dulor)
2. Heat (calor)
3. Redness (rubor)
4. Swelling (tumor)
5. Loss of function (functio laesa)
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Disorders of growth
Gigantism
Acromegaly
Cushing Syndrome
Dwarfism
Acromircia
Simmond's Disease
Turner's Syndrome
Down Syndrome
Noonan Syndrome
Russel-Silver Syndrome
Pradder-Willi Syndrome
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Over secretion of GH before puberty
Gigantism
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Too much GH where bones increase in size
Acromegaly
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Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids from the anterior pituitary
Cushing syndrome
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Less secretion of GH
Dwarfism
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One type of dwarfism that deals with short limb
Achondroplasia
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Chronic deficiency of the pituitary gland function
Simmond's Disease
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Simmond's Disease is a type of ---
Hypothyroidism
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Females at AGE 5; Loss of ovarian function.
Turner's Syndrome
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Therapy that patients with Turner's syndrome have to undergo
Hormone therapy
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Affects cognitive ability and physical growth, mild to moderate developmental issues
Down Syndrome
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Number of chromosomes in a normal person
46
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What characterizes noonan syndrome?
Mildly unusual facial features, short stature, heart defects, bleeding problems, skeletal malformations, and many other signs and symptoms
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Slow growth before and after birth and
head growth is normal but appears larger as compared to the rest of the body
Russel-Silver Syndrome
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What characterizes Pradder Willi Syndrome
In infancy, this is characterized by weak
muscle tone (hypotonia), feeding difficulties, poor growth, and delayed development.
* Obesity
* Hyperphagia
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Chronic over-eating
Hyperphagia
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Branch of medicine and biology concerned with the shape and structure of the body and the relationship of organs.
ANATOMY
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Branch of chemistry studying the chemical behavior in living systems
BIOCHEMISTRY
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Use of statistical tests to analyze biological data and the interpretation of its results.
BIOSTATICS
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Branch of science that deals with structure, composition, function of cells and also interaction b/w them in an environment in which they exists.
CYTOLOGY
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Branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms, from the ovum ́s fertilization to the fetus stage.
EMBRYOLOGY
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Branch of medicine and biology related to the specific secretions called hormones and their effect of the endocrine organs.
ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Study of the occurrence, distribution, and control of diseases in populations within public health, caused by a virus, bacteria or some other factor.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
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Part of biology, study of genes, hereditary and their effects of inheritance of specific traits and on other biological processes
GENETICS
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Branch of medicine and biology that study the microscopic structure of cells and tissues under a light microscope
HISTOLOGY
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Main branch of medical science that deals with all mechanics physiological of the biological integral defense of all organisms, called the immune system
IMMUNOLOGY
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Science that studies microscopic organisms, specifically for them which are under the power of human eye.
MICROBIOLOGY
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Branch of biology and chemistry and deals with the study molecular of the process developed in the organisms.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
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Scientific study of the nervous system.
NEUROSCIENCE
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Study of dietary requirements for people.
NUTRITION
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Study of disease, its causes, mechanisms and effects on the organisms.
PATHOLOGY
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Study of drugs and their origin, nature, properties and effects upon living organisms.
PHARMACOLOGY
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Is related to biological effects caused by drugs on organisms.
PHARMACOLOGY
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Branch of medicine and closely related to the anatomy, physiology deals with the activities and processes of living organisms, as well as mechanical and physical function
PHYSIOLOGY
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Closely related to medicine, chemistry and biology, basically is the study of the nature, effects and detection of poisons and the treatment of poisoning.
TOXICOLOGY
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Study of allergies and hypersensitivity disorder on immunology system.
ALLERGOLOGY
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Study of circulatory and lymphatic system, their arteries, vases, veins and its diseases.
ANGIOLOGY
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Deals with the disorders of the heart as a subspecialty of internal medicine and at the same time it is divided in congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease and electrophysiology.
CARDIOLOGY
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Study of cellular alterations in disease.
CELLULAR PATHOLOGY
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Related with diagnosis by making biochemical analysis of blood, body fluids and tissues.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
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Concerned with the in vitro diagnosis of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
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Broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
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Subspecialty of internal medicine concern the diagnostic and treat of endocrine organs.
ENDOCRINOLOGY
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Part of internal medicine and comprises the study of gastrointestinal tract whereby the digestive system, diseases and treatments.
GASTROENTEROLOGY
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Study of blood diseases, including leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma.
HEMATOLOGY
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Branch of the internal medicine and study the function of kidney, treatments and disease that include dialysis and renal transplant.
NEPHROLOGY
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Branch of medicine specializing within the field of radiology in the use of radionuclides for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
NUCLEAR MEDICINE
100
Dealing with disorders and surgery of the visual pathways closely related to anatomy, physiology of the eye.
OPTHALMOLOGY
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Deals with the health care of children to adolescents ́ average to 18 years old.
PEDIATRICS
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Branch of internal medicine and it concerns all operations in order to restore parts of body to look normal.
PLASTICS, RECONSRUCTIVE AND AESTHETHIC SURGERY
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Define Radiology
Radiology is the study of radiation that is used to diagnose and treat diseases
104
Related with the transfusion of blood and blood component, as the maintenance of a "blood
bank".
TRANSFUSION MEDICINE
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Inside surgical and internal specialty and are closely related to the nephrology. This studies the diseases of the male reproductive system and the urinary tract.
UROLOGY
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107
Administers anesthesia and monitors patients under anesthesia during surgery and other medical procedures.
ANESTHESIOLOGY
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Branch of medicine and the unique specialty that join medical and surgery specialties. It deals with diseases and disorders of the skin and its appendages.
DERMATOLOGY
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Branch of medicine that deals with care and treatment of a condition resulting from an accident or other urgent need.
EMERGENCY MEDICINE
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General medical care of hospitalized patients.
HOSPITAL MEDICINE
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Doctors whose principal professional focus is hospital medicine
Hospitalists
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Branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of many medical conditions for adult people.
INTERNAL MEDICINE
113
System of medicine that believes in the
body's natural healing forces.
NATUROPATHIC MEDICINE
114
Branch of science that deals with the structure, functioning and diseases of the nervous system.
NEUROLOGY
115
Field of medicine devoted to conditions specific to women.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY (“Ob/Gyn”)
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Approach to life-threatening chronic illnesses, especially at the end of life.
PALLIATIVE CAREd
