Finals: Group Behavior

Question 1

•Command Group
• Task Group

Answer 1

Formal

Question 2

• Interest Groups
•Friendship
• Groups

Answer 2

Informal

Question 3

• Two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who come together to achieve particular objectives.
• This can be Formal or Informal

Answer 3

Group

Question 4

A designated work group defined by the organization’s structure

Answer 4

Formal group

Question 5

A group composed of the individuals who report directly to a given manager.

Answer 5

Command group

Question 6

: Those working together to complete a job task.

Answer 6

Task Group

Question 7

: A group neither formally structured nor organizationally determined; appears in response to the need for social contact.

Answer 7

Informal Group

Question 8

: Working together to attain a specific objective with which each is concerned.

Answer 8

Interest group

Question 9

: Those brought together because they share one or more common characteristics.

Answer 9

Friendship group

Question 10

Reduce the insecurity of “standing alone”; feel stronger, fewer self-doubts, and more resistant to threats

Answer 10

Security

Question 11

Inclusion in a group viewed by outsiders as important; provides recognition and status

Answer 11

Status

Question 12

Provides feelings of self-worth to group members, in addition to conveying status to outsiders

Answer 12

Self-esteem

Question 13

Some tasks require more than one person; need to pool talents, knowledge, or power to complete the job. In such instances, management may rely on the use of a formal group

Answer 13

Goal achievement

Question 13

What cannot be achieved individually often becomes possible; power in numbers

Answer 13

Power

Question 13

Fulfills social needs. Enjoys regular interaction; can be primary source for fulfilling need for affiliation

Answer 13

Affiliation

Question 13

Pre stage I
Stage I Forming
Stage Il Storming
Stage III Norming
Stage IV Performing
Stage V Adjourning

Answer 13

Stages of Group Development

Question 14

To engage in a set of expected behavior patterns postion in a social unit.

Answer 14

Roles

Question 15

There are certain attitudes and actual behaviors consistent with a role, and they create the role identity. People have the ability to shift roles rapidly when situation demands.

Answer 15

Role identity:

Question 16

: An individual’s own view of how he or she in supposed to act in a given situation. This perception comes from friends, books, movies, TV etc.

Answer 16

Role perception

Question 17

Defines an how others believe a person should act in a given situation.

Answer 17

Role expectations

Question 18

: An unwritten agreement that exists between employees and their employer. This psychological contract sets out mutual expectations-what management expects from workers and vice versa.

Answer 18

Psychological contract

Question 19

: It exists when an individual finds compliance with one role requirement may make it more difficult to comply with another.

Answer 19

Role conflict

Question 20

Acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are adopted and shared by the group’s members.
This tell members what they ought or ought not to do under certain circumstances. It differ among groups, communities and societies, but they all have them.

Answer 20

Norms

Question 21

A work group’s norms like an individual’s fingerprints—each is unique.
Yet there are still some of this that appear in most work groups.

Answer 21

Common Class Norms

Question 22

Work groups typically provide their members with explicit cues on how hard they should work, how to get the job done, their level of output, appropriate levels of tardiness and the like. This performance prediction based solely on the employee's ability and level of personal motivation.

Answer 22

Performance norms

Question 23

: This includes things like appropriate dress, loyalty to the work group or organization, when to look busy and when it's acceptable to good off.

Answer 23

Appearance norms

Question 24

: This norms come from informal work groups and primarily regulate social interactions within the group. With whom group members eat lunch, friendships on and off the job, social games and the like are influenced by this norms.

Answer 24

Social arrangement norms

Question 25

: These norms can originate in the group or in the organization and cover things like pay, assignment of difficult jobs and allocation of new tools and equipments.

Answer 25

Allocation of resources norms

Question 26

Adjusting one's behavior to align with the norms of the group. • Members desire to be one of the group and avoid being visibly different • Members with differing opinions feel extensive pressure to align with others

Answer 26

Conformity

Question 27

Important group to which individuals belong or hope to belong and with whom norms individuals are likely to conform.

Answer 27

Reference group

Question 28

Voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and in doing so, threatens the well-being of the organization or its members.

Answer 28

Deviant workplace behavior:

Question 29

: A socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others. Differences in this characteristics create status hierarchies within groups.

Answer 29

Status

Question 30

Status has some nteresting effects on the power of norms and pressures to contorm. • For instance, high status members of groups often are given more freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members.

Answer 30

Status and Norms:

Question 31

• Interaction among, members of groups is influenced by status.

Answer 31

Status and group interaction

Question 32

this kind of people tend to be more assertive. • Status differences inhibit diversity of ideas and creativity in groups.

Answer 32

High-status

Question 33

• When inequity is perceived, it creates disequilibrium, which results in various types of corrective behavior. • People expect rewards to be proportionate to costs incurred. • In groups of heterogeneous individuals, status differences may initiate conflict.

Answer 33

Status Inequity

Question 34

• Do cultural differences affect status? • The importance of status does vary between cultures.

Answer 34

Status and Culture

Question 35

_ of the group affects the group's overall behavior. • For instance, that smaller groups are faster at completing tasks than larger groups, and individuals perform better in smaller groups. that • If the group is engaged in problem solving, fact findings etc, large groups are better than the small groups. • Smaller groups are better at doing something productive. • Increases in group size are inversely related to individual performance. • The addition of new members to the group has diminishing returns on productivity. • Groups of approximately seven members, tend to be more effective for taking action.

Answer 35

Size

Question 36

The tendency for individuals to expend less efforts when working collectively than when working individually. • It directly challenges the logic that the productivity of the group as a whole should at least equal the some of the productivity of each individual in that group.

Answer 36

Social Loafing

Question 37

- is the degree to which members of the group are attracted to each other and motivated to stay in the group. • It is related to the group productivity.

Answer 37

Cohesiveness

Question 38

• When a group is diverse, there is an increased probability that it will possess the needed characteristics to complete its tasks effectively. • Diversity promotes conflict, which stimulates creativity, which leads to improved decision making.

Answer 38

Composition

Question 39

: Phenomenon in which the norm of consensus overrides the realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action. Symptoms of the this are: • Group members rationalize any resistance to their assumptions. • Members pressure any doubters to support the alternative favored by the majority. • Doubters keep silent about misgivings and minimize their importance. • Group interprets members' silence as a “yes" vote for the majority

Answer 39

Groupthink

Question 40

The belief-characterized by juries-that two heads are better than one has long been accepted as a basic component of legal systems. This belief has expended to the point that, today, many decisions in organizations are made by groups, teams or committees.

Answer 40

Group Decision Making

Question 41

• A change in decision risk between the group's decision and the individual decision that members within the group would make; can be either conservatism or greater risk. • Decision of the group reflects the dominant decision-making norm that develops during the group's discussion.

Answer 41

Group shift

Question 42

• These techniques reduce some of the dysfunctional aspects of group decision making.

Answer 42

Selecting the Best Decision-Making Techniques

Question 43

Typical groups in which members interact with each other face-to-face.

Answer 43

Interacting Groups

Question 44

: An idea-generation process that specifically encourages any and all alternatives, while withholding any criticism of those alternatives.

Answer 44

Brainstorming

Question 45

A group decision-making method in which individual members meet face-to-face pool their judgments in a systematic but independent fashion.

Answer 45

Nominal group technique

Question 46

A meeting in which members interact on computers, all for anonymity of comments an aggregation of votes.

Answer 46

Electronic meetings