FlashcardsChapter11
(25 cards)
Term
Description
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by excessive fear of becoming fat and therefore restricting energy intake to obtain a significantly low body weight. (page 439)
Binge-eating disorder
An eating disorder characterized by binge eating that causes significant distress. (page 440)
Biopsychosocial model
A model of health that integrates the effects of biological, behavioral, and social factors on health and illness. (page 430)
Body mass index (BMI)
A ratio of body weight to height, used to measure obesity. (page 432)
Buffering hypothesis
The idea that other people can provide direct emotional support in helping individuals cope with stressful events. (page 461)
Bulimia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by the alternation of dieting, binge eating, and purging (self-induced vomiting). (page 440)
Coping response
Any attempt made to avoid, escape from, or minimize a stressor. (page 447)
Emotion-focused coping
A type of coping in which people try to prevent having an emotional response to a stressor. (page 457)
Fight-or-flight response
The physiological preparedness of animals to deal with danger by either fighting or fleeing. (page 451)
General adaptation syndrome
A consistent pattern of responses to stress that consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. (page 450)
Health psychology
A field that integrates research on health and on psychology; it involves the application of psychological principles to promote health and well-being. (page 430)
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis
A body system involved in stress responses. (page 449)
Immune system
The body’s mechanism for dealing with invading microorganisms, such as allergens, bacteria, and viruses. (page 452)
Lymphocytes
Specialized white blood cells that make up the immune system; the three types are B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. (page 453)
Oxytocin
A hormone that is important for mothers in bonding to newborns and may encourage affiliation during social stress. (page 452)
Primary appraisals
Part of the coping process that involves making decisions about whether a stimulus is stressful, benign, or irrelevant. (page 457)
Problem-focused coping
A type of coping in which people take direct steps to confront or minimize a stressor. (page 457)
Secondary appraisals
Part of the coping process during which people evaluate their response options and choose coping behaviors. (page 457)
Stress
A type of response that typically involves an unpleasant state, such as anxiety or tension. (page 447)
Stressor
Something in the environment that is perceived as threatening or demanding and therefore produces stress. (page 447)
Tend-and-befriend response
Females’ tendency to protect and care for their offspring and form social alliances rather than fight or flee in response to threat. (page 451)
Type A behavior pattern
A pattern of behavior characterized by competitiveness, achievement orientation, aggressiveness, hostility, restlessness, impatience with others, and inability to relax. (page 455)
Type B behavior pattern
A pattern of behavior characterized by noncompetitive, relaxed, easygoing, and accommodating behavior. (page 455)
