FlashcardsChapter14

Question 1

Term

Answer 1

Description

Question 2

Agoraphobia

Answer 2

An anxiety disorder marked by fear of being in situations in which escape may be difficult or impossible. (page 576)

Question 3

Antisocial personality disorder (APD)

Answer 3

A personality disorder in which people engage in socially undesirable behavior, are hedonistic and impulsive, and lack empathy. (page 599)

Question 4

Anxiety disorders

Answer 4

Psychological disorders characterized by excessive fear and anxiety in the absence of true danger. (page 574)

Question 5

Assessment

Answer 5

In psychology, examination of a person’s cognitive, behavioral, or emotional functioning to diagnose possible psychological disorders. (page 567)

Question 6

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 6

A disorder characterized by restlessness, inattentiveness, and impulsivity. (page 608)

Question 7

Autism spectrum disorder

Answer 7

A developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, by impaired communication, and by restricted interests. (page 604)

Question 8

Bipolar I disorder

Answer 8

A disorder characterized by extremely elevated moods during manic episodes and, frequently, depressive episodes as well. (page 583)

Question 9

Bipolar II disorder

Answer 9

A disorder characterized by alternating periods of extremely depressed and mildly elevated moods. (page 583)

Question 10

Borderline personality disorder

Answer 10

A personality disorder characterized by disturbances in identity, in affect, and in impulse control. (page 597)

Question 11

Cognitive-behavioral approach

Answer 11

A diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of learned, maladaptive thoughts and beliefs. (page 570)

Question 12

Delusions

Answer 12

False beliefs based on incorrect inferences about reality. (page 590)

Question 13

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 13

A diagnostic model that proposes that a disorder may develop when an underlying vulnerability is coupled with a precipitating event. (page 568)

Question 14

Disorganized behavior

Answer 14

Acting in strange or unusual ways, including strange movement of limbs, bizarre speech, and inappropriate self-care, such as failing to dress properly or bathe. (page 592)

Question 15

Disorganized speech

Answer 15

Speaking in an incoherent fashion that involves frequently changing topics and saying strange or inappropriate things. (page 591)

Question 16

Dissociative disorders

Answer 16

Disorders that involve disruptions of identity, of memory, or of conscious awareness. (page 586)

Question 17

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Answer 17

The occurrence of two or more distinct identities in the same individual. (page 587)

Question 18

Etiology

Answer 18

Factors that contribute to the development of a disorder. (page 562)

Question 19

Family systems model

Answer 19

A diagnostic model that considers problems within an individual as indicating problems within the family. (page 570)

Question 20

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 20

A diffuse state of constant anxiety not associated with any specific object or event. (page 575)

Question 21

Hallucinations

Answer 21

False sensory perceptions that are experienced without an external source. (page 591)

Question 22

Learned helplessness

Answer 22

A cognitive model of depression in which people feel unable to control events in their lives. (page 582)

Question 23

Major depressive disorder

Answer 23

A disorder characterized by severe negative moods or a lack of interest in normally pleasurable activities. (page 579)

Question 24

Negative symptoms

Answer 24

Symptoms of schizophrenia that are marked by deficits in functioning, such as apathy, lack of emotion, and slowed speech and movement. (592)

Question 25

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 25

A disorder characterized by frequent intrusive thoughts and compulsive actions. (page 577)

Question 26

Panic disorder

Answer 26

An anxiety disorder that consists of sudden, overwhelming attacks of terror. (page 576)

Question 27

Persistent depressive disorder

Answer 27

A form of depression that is not severe enough to be diagnosed as major depressive disorder. (page 580)

Question 28

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 28

A disorder that involves frequent nightmares, intrusive thoughts, and flashbacks related to an earlier trauma. (page 579)

Question 29

Psychopathology

Answer 29

Sickness or disorder of the mind; psychological disorder. (page 562)

Question 30

Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)

Answer 30

A method that defines basic aspects of functioning and considers them across multiple levels of analysis, from genes to brain systems to behavior. (page 566)

Question 31

Schizophrenia

Answer 31

A psychological disorder characterized by alterations in thoughts, in perceptions, or in consciousness, resulting in psychosis. (page 589)

Question 32

Sociocultural model

Answer 32

A diagnostic model that views psychopathology as the result of the interaction between individuals and their cultures. (page 570)