FOM 3: muscles Flashcards
learn!! (50 cards)
1
Q
What are the properties muscle tissue?
A
-electrical excitability
-contractile
-extensible
-elastic
2
Q
Describe skeletal muscle
A
- voluntary
- attached directly via tendons or indirectly via aponeurosis
3
Q
Describe cardiac muscle
A
- involuntary
4
Q
Describe smooth muscle
A
- involuntary, does not fatigue
- found in walls of internal organs
5
Q
Constituent parts of muscles in successive order
A
- myofilaments, myofibrils, muscle fibres, muscle fascicles, skeletal muscle
6
Q
What is endomysium?
A
- thin layer of CT that surrounds each muscle fibre
7
Q
What is perimysium?
A
- thick layer of CT that groups muscle fibres into fascicles
- contains capillaries and nerve fibres to allow nutrient transfer
8
Q
What is epimysium?
A
- thick CT that surrounds entirety of a skeletal muscle
9
Q
What is a sarcomere?
A
- basic functional unit of a myofibril
- consists of arrangement of myofilaments
10
Q
Where are the insertions and origin of rectus abdominis?
A
- origin: pubis
- insertion: xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5-7
11
Q
What is the action of rectus abdominis?
A
- flexes vertebral column and increases intra-abdominal pressure
12
Q
Where are the insertions and origin of external oblique?
A
- origin: ribs 5-12, iliac crest
- insertion: pubis, linea alba
13
Q
What is the action of external oblique?
A
- flexes and rotates vertebral column and increases intra-abdominal pressure
14
Q
Where are the insertions and origin of internal oblique?
A
- origin: iliac crest
- insertion: coastal cartilage 9-12, linea alba, xiphoid process
15
Q
Why is the linea alba significant to surgeons?
A
- does not contain any primary nerves or blood vessels
16
Q
What is the action of the internal oblique?
A
- flexes and rotates the vertebral column and increases intra-abdominal pressure
17
Q
Where are the insertions and origin of transversus abdominis?
A
- origin: iliac crest
- insertion: fuses with posterior layer of internal oblique aponeurosis, linea alba, xiphoid process, pubis
18
Q
What is the action of transversus abdominis?
A
- flexes vertebral column and increases intra-abdominal pressure
19
Q
What is the action of trapezius?
A
- elevate scapula and rotate it during abduction of the arm
20
Q
What is the action of latissimus dorsi?
A
- extends, adducts and medially rotates upper limb
21
Q
What are the attachments of pectoralis major?
A
- clavicular head
- sternocostal head
- humerus
22
Q
What is the action of pectoralis major?
A
- adducts and medially rotates upper limb
- moves scapula anteroinferiorly
23
Q
What are the attachments of deltoid?
A
- lateral third of clavicle
- acromion and spine of scapula
- deltoid tuberosity on lateral aspect of humerus
24
Q
What is the action of deltoid?
A
- flexion and medial rotation
- extension and lateral rotation
- abductor of arm
25
What are the attachments of biceps brachii?
- long head: supraglenoid tubercle
- short head: coracoid process of scapula
- insert into radial tuberosity and fascia of forearm
26
What is the action of biceps brachii?
- supination of forearm
- flexes arm at elbow and shoulder
27
What muscle lies deep to biceps brachii?
- brachialis
28
What are the attachments of brachialis?
- medial and lateral surfaces of the humeral shaft
- inserts into ulnar tuberosity
29
What is the action of brachialis?
- flexion at elbow
30
What is fascia?
- sheet or band of fibrous tissue lying deep to skin
- lines and separates structures within the body
31
What are the attachments of gluteus maximus?
- posterior surface of ilium, sacrum and coccyx
- insert into iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur
32
What is the action of gluteus maximus?
- main extensor of thigh
- assists with lateral rotation
33
What are the attachments of quadriceps femoris?
- collectively insert onto patella via quadriceps tendon
34
What is the action of quadriceps femoris?
- extension of knee joint
- flexion of hip joint
35
What two muscles comprise the iliopsoas?
- psoas major
- iliacus
36
Where does the psoas major originate from?
- lumbar vertebrae
- insert into lesser trochanter of femur
37
Where does the iliacus originate from?
- iliac fossa of the pelvis
- insert into lesser trochanter of femur
38
What is the action of iliopsoas?
- flexor of thigh at the hip joint
39
What muscle is the most lateral in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
- biceps femoris
40
What are the attachments of biceps femoris?
- long head from ischial tuberosity
- short head from linea aspera
- inserts into head of fibula
41
What is the action of biceps femoris?
- flexion at knee
- extends thigh at hip
- laterally rotates hip and knee
42
Where is tibialis anterior located?
- lateral surface of tibia
43
What are the attachments of tibialis anterior?
- lateral surface of tibia
- medial cuneiform
- base of metatarsal I
44
What are the actions of tibialis anterior?
- dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
45
What is the most superficial muscle in the posterior leg?
- gastrocnemius
46
What are the attachments of gastrocnemius?
- lateral/ medial head originate lateral/medial femoral condyle
- insert into the calcaneus
47
What are the actions of gastrocnemius?
- plantarflexion at ankle joint and flexion at knee joint
48
What flat muscle is located underneath gastrocnemius?
- soleus
49
What are the attachments of soleus?
- soleal line of the tibia and proximal tibia
- inserts into calcaneus
50
What is the action of soleus?
- plantarflexion of foot at ankle joint
