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LM1 Flashcards

1
Q

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

A
  • synovial ball and socket
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2
Q

Where does the shoulder joint capsule attach?

A
  • medially to margin of glenoid cavity
  • laterally to the anatomical neck of the humerus
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3
Q

What ligaments support the glenohumeral joint?

A
  • glenohumeral: attaches to anatomical neck of humerus
  • transverse humeral: strengthens capsule
  • coracohumeral: stretches from root of coracoid process to greater tuberosity
  • coracoacromial: extends between coracoid process and acromion
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4
Q

What movements does the shoulder joint permit?

A
  • flexion/extension
  • abduction/adduction
  • lateral/medial rotation
  • circumduction
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5
Q

What is on the costal surface of the scapula?

A
  • sub scapular fossa
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6
Q

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • synovial double - plane
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7
Q

What ligaments surround the sternoclavicular joints?

A
  • sternoclavicular
  • costoclaviclar
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8
Q

What is the nerve supply of the sternoclavicular joint?

A
  • supraclavicular
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9
Q

What movements does the sternoclavicular joint permit?

A
  • in anteroposterior planes
  • in vertical planes
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10
Q

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  • synovial plane
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11
Q

What ligaments surround the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  • superior and inferior
  • acromioclavicular
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12
Q

What is the nerve supply of the acromioclavicular joint?

A
  • supraclavicular
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13
Q

What does thickening of the coracoacromial ligament cause?

A
  • impingement syndrome
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14
Q

What is the scapulothoracic joint?

A
  • bone-muscle-bone articulation between costal surface of scapula, subscapularis muscle, serratus anterior and thoracic wall
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15
Q

What is the innervation of the scapulathoracic joint?

A
  • accessory
  • long thoracic
  • dorsal scapular nerves
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16
Q

What movements does the scapulothoracic joint permit?

A
  • elevation/depression
  • protraction/retraction
  • external/internal rotation
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17
Q

What the attachments of pectoralis major?

A
  • origin:anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
  • origin:anterior surface of sternum and upper 6 costal cartilages
  • insertion: lateral side of bicipital groove of humerus
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18
Q

What is the nerve supply of pectoralis major?

A
  • lateral/medial pectoral nerves
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19
Q

What is the action of pectoralis major?

A
  • adduction
  • medial rotation of arm
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20
Q

What are the attachments of pectoralis minor?

A
  • origin:3rd, 4th and 5th ribs
  • insertion: medial and anterior surfaces of coracoid process of scapula
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21
Q

What is the nerve supply of pectoralis minor?

A
  • medial pectoral
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22
Q

What is the action of pectoralis minor?

A
  • depression
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23
Q

What are the attachments of serratus anterior?

A
  • origin: upper 8 ribs
  • insertion: medial border and inferior angle of scapula
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24
Q

What is the nerve supply of serratus anterior?

A
  • long thoracic nerve
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25
What is the action of serratus anterior?
- scapula protraction - upward rotation of scapula
26
What are the attachments of latissimus dorsi?
- origin: iliac crest, spines of lower 6 T vertebrae, lower 3 ribs, inferior angle of scapula - insertion: bicipital groove of humerus
27
What is the nerve supply of latissimus dorsi?
- thoracodorsal nerve
28
What is the action of latissimus dorsi?
- extension - adduction - medial rotation
29
What are the attachments of rhomboid major?
- origin: spines of T2-5 - insertion: medial border of scapula just below spine
30
What is the nerve supply of rhomboid major?
- dorsal scapular nerve
31
What is the action of rhomboid major?
- raises medial border of scapula upward and medially
32
What are the attachments of rhomboid minor?
- origin: spines of C7-T1 vertebrae - insertion: medial border of scapula
33
What is the nerve supply of rhomboid minor?
- dorsal scapular nerve
34
What is the action of rhomboid minor?
- raises medial border of scapula upward and medially
35
What are the attachments of deltoid muscle?
- origin: lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula - insertion: deltoid tuberosity
36
What innervates deltoid?
- axillary
37
What is the action of deltoid?
- flexion/extension - medial/lateral rotation - abduction
38
Which of the rotator cuff muscles do not rotate the arm?
- supraspinatus
39
What are the attachments of supraspinatus?
- origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula - insertion: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
40
What is the nerve supply of supraspinatus muscle?
- suprascapular
41
What is the action of supraspinatus?
- initiates 15o and assists deltoid in abduction
42
What are the attachments of infraspinatus?
- origin: infraspinous fossa of scapula - insertion: middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
43
What is the nerve supply of infraspinatus?
- suprascapular
44
What is the action of infraspinatus muscle?
- lateral rotation of arm
45
What are the attachments of teres minor?
- origin: upper 2/3 of lateral border of scapula - insertion: inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
46
What innervates teres minor?
- axillary nerve
47
What is the action of teres minor?
- lateral rotation of arm
48
What are the attachments of subscapularis?
- origin: subscapular fossa of scapula - insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
49
What innervates subscapularis?
- upper and lower sub scapular
50
What is the action of subscapularis?
- medial rotation of the arm
51
What is axillary nerve palsy usually caused by?
- shoulder dislocation - loss of sensation over lateral deltoid region - deltoid muscle weakness
52
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm?
- coracobrachialis - biceps brachii - brachialis
53
What are the attachments of biceps brachii?
- origin: short head to coracoid process, long head to just above glenoid fossa - insertion: tendon to radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis to deep fascia of forearm
54
Where do the heads of triceps brace attach?
- medial: humerus - lateral: humerus - long: scapula just below glenoid fossa, distally to ulna
55
What are the actions of the anterior muscles of the arm?
- flexion of arm - adduction of arm - supinator of forearm - flexor of elbow joint
56
What innervates the anterior compartment of the arm?
- musculocutaneous nerve
57
What is the action of triceps brachii?
- extension of elbow joint
58
What innervates triceps brachii?
- radial nerve
59
Where is the axillary space?
- area underneath the glenohumeral joint at junction of upper limb and thorax
60
What are the contents of the axilla?
- brachial plexus and branches that innervate the upper limb - axillary artery. continuation of subclavian artery - axillary vein as continuation of basilic vein - axillary lymph nodes
61
What type of joint is the elbow joint?
- synovial hinge
62
What ligaments are in the elbow?
- ulnar collateral ligament - radial collateral ligament - annular ligament
63
What is the nerve supply in the elbow joint?
- branches from median, ulnar, musculocutaneous and radial nerves
64
What movements occur at the elbow joint?
- flexion - extension
65
Role of the annular ligament
- helps keep radius in place when forearm is rotated
66
Role of ulnar collateral ligament
- guards elbow against severe valgus stress (outer-inner)
67
Role of the radial collateral ligament
- guards joint against excessive varus stress (inner-outer)
68
What are the contents of the cubital fossa?
- median nerve - radial nerve - brachial artery
69
What are the nerve roots of musculocutaneous?
- C5, 6, 7
70
What are the nerve roots of axillary nerve?
- C5/6
71
What are the nerve roots of radial nerve?
- C5,6,7,8 -T1
72
What are the nerve roots of median nerve?
- C5, 6, 7, 8 - T1
73
What are the nerve roots of ulnar nerve?
- C8/T1
74
What are the nerve roots of long thoracic nerve?
- C5,6,7
75
What does the axillary nerve innervate?
- deltoid - teres minor - shoulder joint - skin overlying deltoid muscle
76
What can axillary nerve be damaged by?
- dislocation of shoulder joint - fracture at neck of humerus
77
What does radial nerve innervate?
- posterior muscles and skin overlying of arm and forearm - deep branch: extensor muscles - superficial branch: skin on dorsal of the hand
78
What does musculocutaneous nerve supply?
- anterior muscle compartment - lateral cutaneous nerve: supplies lateral forearm
79
What does Erb's palsy refer to?
- injury to upper roots of brachial plexus (typically C5-6) - commonly occurs as result of stretching injury during difficult vaginal delivery
80
What nerves are affected by Erb's palsy?
- musculocutaneous - axillary - suprascapular
81
What muscles are affected by Erb's palsy?
- supraspinatus, infraspinatus, biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis, deltoid and teres minor
82
What does Klumpke's palsy refer to?
- injury to lower roots of brachial plexus - commonly associated with difficult vaginal delivery but lower incidence than Erb's
83
What nerves and muscles are affected by Klumpke's palsy?
- nerves: ulnar and median - muscles : intrinsic hand muscles
84
What do the superficial anterior forearm muscles attach to?
- medial epicondyle of forearm - supracondylar ridge of humerus
85
What muscles are in the superficial anterior forearm?
- flexor carpi ulnaris - flexor carpi radialis - pronator teres - palmaris longus
86
What muscle is in the intermediate anterior forearm?
- flexor digitorum superficialis
87
What muscles are in the deep anterior forearm?
- flexor digitorum profundus - flexor pollicis longus - pronator quadratus muscle
88
What are the forearm muscles innervated by?
- median nerve - except: flexor carpi ulnaris and medial half of flexor digitorum profundus which is supplied by ulnar nerve
89
What muscles are in there superficial posterior forearm?
- extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis - extensor carpi ulnaris - extensor digitorum - extensor digiti minimi - brachioradialis
90
What are the attachments of the superficial posterior muscles of the forearm?
- lateral epicondyle - supracondylar ridge of the humerus
91
What muscles are in the deep posterior forearm?
- extensor indicis - extensor pollicis longus - extensor pollicis brevis - abductor pollicis longus - supinator

Anatomy (11 decks)

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