LM4 Flashcards
- do 6-8
1
Q
What type of joint is the proximal tibiofibular joint?
A
- synovial plane gliding joint between head of fibula and posterolateral aspect of lateral tibial condyle
2
Q
What type of joint is the distal tibiofibular joint?
A
- strong fibrous syndesmosis between fibular notch at inferior ends of tibia and fibula that prevents separation of the two bone during weight bearing
3
Q
What is the function of the interosseous membrane in leg?
A
- unites the tibia and fibula
- separates muscles in anterior and posterior compartments
- provides attachments for muscles
4
Q
What is the nerve supply of the ankle joint?
A
- deep peroneal
- tibial
5
Q
Medial (deltoid) ankle ligament
A
- attaches to the medial malleolus proximally and to the body of the talus, calcaneus and navicular bones distally
- stabilises ankle joint during eversion and prevents subluxation of the joint
6
Q
Lateral ankle ligament
A
- weak
- from lateral malleolus to neck of talus
- from tip of lateral malleolus to lateral surface of calcaneus
- from lateral malleolus to lateral tubercle of the talus
7
Q
Role of the foot arches
A
- distribute weight over the foot
- act as a shock absorber and springboards for propelling
8
Q
Medial longitudinal arch of foot
A
- higher and more important than the lateral
- formed by calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms and medial three metatarsals
- tibialis anterior tendon strengthens medial arch
- fibularis longus tendon supports this arch
9
Q
Lateral longitudinal arch
A
- lower and flatter than medial
- formed by calcaneus, cuboid and lateral two metatarsals
10
Q
Transverse arch
A
- region of the bases of the metatarsals
- formed by cuboid, cuneiforms and bases of the MT bones
11
Q
What are the foot arches stabilised by?
A
- short interossei ligaments which hold tarsal bones together
- spring ligament
- long/short plantar ligaments
- muscle tone
12
Q
What type of joint is the tarsometatarsal joint?
A
- plane synovial joints
- between cuboid and cuneiform, baes of the 5 metatarsals
13
Q
What type of joint is the intermetatarsal joint?
A
- plane synovial joints
- between bases of lateral 4 metatarsals
14
Q
What type of joint is the metatarsophalangeal joint?
A
- synovial ellipsoid joint
15
Q
What are the foot joints stabilised by?
A
- strong collateral ligaments laterally
- deep transverse metatarsal ligament and plantar ligaments
16
Q
What are the intrinsic muscles on the dorsum of the foot?
A
- extensor digitorum brevis
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus
17
Q
Muscles that move the great toe?
A
- abductor hallucis
- flexor hallucis brevis
- adductor hallucis
18
Q
Muscles that move the little toe
A
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi brevis
19
Q
What action do the plantar and dorsal interossei muscles in the foot permit?
A
- adduction/abduction of toes around the axis of the second toe
20
Q
What are the lumbrical muscles in the foot attached to?
A
- tendons of flexor digitorum longus
- along with additional quadratus plantar (flexor accessorius)
21
Q
Role of quadratus plantae
A
- straighten the tendon of flexor digitorum
22
Q
What additional muscle is present in the foot and not in the hand?
A
- flexor digitorum brevis
23
Q
What are the intrinsic muscles of the foot innervated by?
A
- tibial nerve via medial and lateral plantar nerves
24
Q
What does the tarsal tunnel contain?
A
- tendon of tibialis posterior/flexor digitorum longus/flexor hallucis longus
- posterior tibial artery
- tibial nerve
25
What muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?
- tibialis anterior
- extensor digitorum longus
- extensor hallucis longus
- peroneus tertius
26
What muscles are in the superficial posterior compartment of the leg?
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- plantaris
27
What muscles are in the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- flexor hallucis longus
28
What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?
- peroneus longus
- peroneus brevis
29
What movement do the anterior muscles of the leg permit?
- dorsiflexion
- inversion
30
What movements do the posterior muscles of the leg permit?
- plantarflexion
- inversion
31
What movement does the lateral compartment of the leg permit?
- eversion
32
What innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?
- deep peroneal nerve
33
What innervates the posterior compartment of the leg?
- tibial nerve
34
What innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?
- superficial peroneal nerve
35
Where does the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh cross?
- inferolaterally across iliacus
36
Where does the femoral nerve pass?
- deep to the inguinal ligament
37
Where does the obturator nerve pass?
- into the pelvis and under the superior pubic ramus
38
Where does the sciatic nerve pass?
- through the greater sciatic foramen
- inferior to pisiformis
39
Where do the superior and inferior gluteal nerves pass?
- leave pelvis through greater sciatic foramen superior to and inferior to pisiforms respectively
40
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh
- L2, 3
- emerges from lateral border of psoas major
- passes lateral under inguinal ligament to supply skin overlying lateral thigh
41
Obturator nerve
- L2-4
- arises from the lumbar plexus
- provides sensory and motor innervation to the thigh
- emerges from medial border of psoas major
42
Femoral nerve
- L2-4
- merges from lateral aspect of psoas major muscle
- enters thigh behind inguinal ligament
- lies lateral to the femoral blood vessels in the femoral triangle
43
Tibial nerve
- L4, 5, S1, 2 , 3
- lies in the popliteal fossa
- passes into the leg between gastrocnemius and soleus
- lies with posterior tibial artery and enters the sole of the door behind the medial malleolus
- nerve divides into the medial and lateral plantar nerves which supply the muscles and skin of the sole of the foot
44
Common peroneal nerve
- L4, 5, S1, 2
- lies along the lateral margin of the popliteal fossa and curves posteriorly around the neck of the fibula
45
Superficial peroneal nerve
- supplies the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg and skin of anterolateral distal 1/3 of leg and dorsal surface of the foot
46
Deep peroneal nerve
- accompanies the anterior tibial artery
- innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and skin overlying the adjacent sides of the 1st and 2nd toes
47
What are the general arteries of the lower limb?
- superior/inferior gluteal arteries
- external iliac artery
- femoral artery
- popliteal artery
- anterior tibial artery
- posterior tibial artery
- medial/lateral plantar arteries
48
