LM2

Question 1

What movement does the radiocarpal joint permit?-

Answer 1

• flexion/extension
• abduction/adduction

Question 2

What type of joint is the wrist joint?

Answer 2

• radiocarpal
• synovial ellipsoid

Question 3

What bones articulate at the carpometacarpal joint?

Answer 3

• plane synovial joints between distal row of carpal bones and metacarpal bases

Question 4

What bones articulate at the inter-metacarpal joint?

Answer 4

• plane synovial joints
• between adjacent metacarpals

Question 5

What bones articulate at the metacarpophalangeal joint?

Answer 5

• synovial ellipsoid between metacarpal head and base of proximal phalanx

Question 6

What bones articulate at the interphalangeal joint?

Answer 6

• synovial hinge between the phalanges

Question 7

What are the proximal carpal bones (lateral to medial)?

Answer 7

• scaphoid
• lunate
• triquetrum
• pisiform

Question 8

What are the distal carpal bones (lateral-medial)?

Answer 8

• trapezium
• trapezoid
• capitate
• hamate

Question 9

What is the anterior border of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 9

• flexor retinaculum
• attached to pisiform bone and hook of the hamate
• scaphoid tubercle and trapezium

Question 10

What are the contents of the carpal tunnel?

Answer 10

• four tendons of flexor digitorum profundus/superficialis
• median nerve
• tendon of flexor carpi radialis
• tendon of flexor pollicis longus

Question 11

What are the main causes of carpal tunnel?

Answer 11

• frequent repetitive movement with hands
• extending or flexing wrist for a long time
• RA
• hormonal/metabolic factors

Question 12

What muscles are in the deep posterior forearm?

Answer 12

• extensor indicis
• extensor pollicis longus/brevis
• abductor pollicis longus
• supinator

Question 13

What are the borders of the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 13

• medial: tendons of extensor pollicis longus
• lateral: tendons of extensor pollicis brevis/abductor pollicis longus
• floor: scaphoid bone

Question 14

What are the contents of the anatomical snuffbox?

Answer 14

• radial artery
• cutaneous branches of the radial nerve

Question 15

What do the thenar eminence do?

Answer 15

• move the thumb

Question 16

What do the hypothenar eminence do?

Answer 16

• move the little finger

Question 17

Where are the interossei?

Answer 17

• between the metacarpal bones

Question 18

Where are the lumbricals?

Answer 18

• attached to flexor digitorum profundus tendons

Question 19

What are the three main compartments in the palm?

Answer 19

• lateral
• medial
• middle

Question 20

Characteristic of fascia enclosing lateral/medial compartments in the palm

Answer 20

• less dense than that covering middle compartments as it is covered by relatively dense CT of palmar aponeurosis

Question 21

What innervates the lumbricals?

Answer 21

• lateral two: median nerve
• medial two: deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 22

What is the action of lumbricals?

Answer 22

• flex metacarpo-phalangeal joints
• extends interphalangeal joints of all fingers except thumb

Question 23

What innervates the interossei?

Answer 23

• deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 24

What is the action of palmar interossei?

Answer 24

• adducts fingers toward centre third finger

Question 25

What is the action of dorsal interossei?

Answer 25

- abduct fingers from centre third finger

Question 26

What muscles comprise the thenar eminence?

Answer 26

- abductor pollicis brevis - flexor pollicis brevis - opponens pollicis

Question 27

What innervates the thenar muscles?

Answer 27

- median nerve

Question 28

What muscles comprise the hypothenar eminence?

Answer 28

- abductor digiti minimi - flexor digiti minimi - opponens digiti minimi

Question 29

What innervates the hypothenar muscles?

Answer 29

- deep branch of the ulnar nerve

Question 30

What are myotomes?

Answer 30

- areas of skeletal muscle supplied by single spinal cord segment/spinal nerve

Question 31

What myotome levels are tested in the biceps tendon reflex?

Answer 31

- C5, 6

Question 32

What myotome levels are tested in the triceps tendon reflex?

Answer 32

- C7

Question 33

Where does the ulnar nerve run?

Answer 33

- posterior to the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 34

What is the axillary artery a continuation of?

Answer 34

- subclavian artery

Question 35

Where does the axillary artery begin/end?

Answer 35

- begins at outer border of the first rib - ends at the inferior border of teres major muscle where it continues as brachial artery

Question 36

What does the brachial artery bifurcate into?

Answer 36

- radial and ulnar arteries at level of the neck of the radius

Question 37

Where does the radial artery end?

Answer 37

- by completing deep palmar arch in the hand

Question 38

Where does the ulnar artery end?

Answer 38

- terminates by forming superficial palmar arch in the hand

Question 39

Where do the circumflex arteries circle?

Answer 39

- neck of the humerus - deep branch of brachial artery passes into the posterior compartment

Question 40

Where do collateral branches from radial and ulnar arteries present?

Answer 40

- around the elbow

Question 41

What do the superficial veins in the upper limb comprise?

Answer 41

- dorsal venous arch - cephalic arch: lateral aspect of forearm - basilic vein: medial aspect - median cubital vein: communication between cephalic and basilic veins at the cubital fossa

Question 42

Where do the superficial veins of the upper limb lie?

Answer 42

- just under the skin in superficial fascia

Question 43

What are the most distal deep veins of the upper limb?

Answer 43

- radial vein - ulnar vein