Bio🧪 > Food > Flashcards

Food Flashcards

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1
Q

Food is needed for:

A

-energy
-growth of new cells
-repair of existing cells, tissues, organs etc.

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2
Q

Food supplies materials & energy for:

A

-metabolism
-continuity’ of life

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3
Q

Food is made up of (chemical elements):

A
  • C (carbon)
  • H (hydrogen)
  • O (oxygen)
  • N (nitrogen)
  • P (phosphorus)
  • S (sulfur)
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4
Q

Food is made up of (salts):

A
  • Na (sodium)
  • Mg (magnesium)
  • Cl (chlorine)
  • K (potassium)
  • Ca (calcium)
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5
Q

Food is made up of (trace elements):

A
  • Cu (copper)
  • Fe (iron)
  • Zn (zinc)
    *CIZ
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6
Q

How food is formed:

A

Elements combine in different ratios to form bio-molecular molecules

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7
Q

Biomolecule

A

molecule found in living thing

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8
Q

Food biomolecules

A
  • carbohydrates
  • vitamins
  • water
  • lipids
  • minerals
  • proteins
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9
Q

What is human body made up of:

A

water - 65%
protein - 18%
fat - 10%
carbohydrate - 5%
vitamins - 1%
minerals- 1%

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10
Q

Elements - carbohydrates

A
  • C (carbon)
  • H (hydrogen)
  • O (oxygen)
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11
Q

Formula - carbohydrates

A

Cx(H2O)y

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12
Q

Ratio - carbohydrates

A

2:1
(hydrogen : oxygen)

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13
Q

(carbohydrate) monosaccharides

A
  • single sugar molecules
  • simple sugars
  • soluble in water
  • sweet to taste
  • smallest carbohydrate unit
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14
Q

(carbohydrate) Name examples of monosaccharides & where it’s found

A

(e.g. glucose & fructose)
(fruit)

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15
Q

(carbohydrate) disaccharides

A
  • 2 monosaccharide sugar units joined together
  • soluble in water
  • sweet to taste
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16
Q

(carbohydrate) Name example of disaccharides & where it’s found

A

(e.g. sucrose, lactose, maltose)
(sugar, milk)

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17
Q

(carbohydrate) polysaccharides

A

-many monosaccharide sugar units
- insoluble in water
- are not sweet tasting

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18
Q

(carbohydrate) Name example of polysaccharides & where it’s found

A

(e.g. starch, cellulose, chitin)
(found in bread, pasta, rice)

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19
Q

Structural polysaccharides

A
  • cellulose (plant cell walls)
  • chitin (insect exoskeleton and fungi)
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20
Q

name storage polysaccharides

A

starch (plants)
glycogen (animals)

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21
Q

lipids include (eg):

A

-fats (solid @ room temp)
-oil ( liquid @ room temp)
- steroids (ie cholesterol &some sex hormones)
-waxes (covering insect bodies & plant leaves)

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22
Q

(lipids) elements:

A

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

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23
Q

(lipids) types of molecules:

A

fatty acids
glycerol

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24
Q

(lipids) types

A

triglycerides
phospholipids

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25
Triglyceride
smallest lipid
26
Phospholipid
One fatty acid of lipid molecule replaced by phosphate group
27
Sources of lipid
Fat butter cooking oils fresh cream
28
Protein elements:
Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen
29
(proteins) sources
lean meat fish eggs soya
30
Structure of proteins
-Long chains of amino acids -joined by peptide bonds -forms polypeptide chains
31
Peptide contains:
Less than 20 amino acids
32
Polypeptides contain:
Over 20, less than 200 amino acids
33
Protein contains:
20 common and several rare (over 200) amino acids
34
Chemical groups in amino acids:
Single hydrogen atom amino group carboxyl group side chain
35
Fibrous structure(eg)
Not folded (eg keratin -hair & nails)/(collagen - bones & tendons)
36
Globular structure (eg)
Folded (eg haemoglobin - blood)/ (enzymes)
37
Vitamins
Essential organic catalysts of metabolism
38
Catalyst
Alters rate of reaction
39
Vitamins we need:
A, B, C, D, E, K
40
What can vitamins be?
water/ fat soluble
41
vitamins that are water soluble
B & C
42
Vitamins that are fat-soluble
A, D, E, K
43
Sources of vitamins & benefits (eg)
C - citrus fruits, green vegetables (fight infection & prevent sickness) D - milk, sun (nourishing bones)
44
Diseases due to vitamin deficiency
Vitamin C - scurvy symptoms: (bleeding gums, poor healing of skin) Vitamin D - Rickets/osteomealacia symptoms: (weak, deformed bones that are brittle)
45
Example of plant mineral, location and function(2)
Magnesium: -found in soil forms -chlorophyll calcium: -found in salt in soil -helps cell walls attach
46
Example of animal mineral, source and function (2)
Iron: -found in liver, meat -forms haemoglobin Calcium: -found in milk, dairy, cheese -forms strong teeth and bones
47
Function of minerals:
-Form part of rigid body tissues -Form pigments -Regulate body fluids
48
Examples of pigments formed by minerals:
-Iron in haemoglobin -Magnesium in chlorophyll
49
How much of cells and bodily fluids are made up of water?
70% to 95%
50
Physical properties of water:
-Slow to heat and cool -good absorber of energy -moves dissolved material in and out of cells -controls cell shape -strong adhesive & cohesive properties
51
Chemical properties of water:
-Universal solvent for transporting substances in the blood/plants -medium for metabolism -reactant/product in chemical reactions (e.g. photosynthesis)
52
Formula for photosynthesis:
Carbon dioxide + water ➡️ light/chlorophyll ➡️oxygen + glucose
53
Formula for respiration:
Food/glucose + oxygen ➡️ Carbon dioxide + water
54
Formula for glucose
CO2 + H20 ➡️ C6H12O6
55
Examples of anabolic reactions in plants and animals:
Plants: photosynthesis animals: protein synthesis
56
Examples of catabolic reactions in plants and animals:
Plants: respiration animal: digestion
57
Structural role of carbohydrates:
-Cellulose: in cell walls -keratin: structural protein under skin, hair nails -chitin: insect exoskeletons
58
Structural role of lipids:
-Waterproofs body -protects organs -component in cell membrane -insulates body
59
Metabolic role of carbohydrates and lipids:
Primary sources of energy for metabolism
60
Metabolic role of proteins:
Enzymes and chlorophyll
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