The heart and blood vessels

Question 1

Name types of circulatory systems

Answer 1

Open circulatory system and closed circulatory system

Question 2

Open circulatory system

Answer 2

Heart pumps blood into open ended vessels, e.g. insects

Question 3

Close circulatory system

Answer 3

Blood remains in a continuous system of blood vessels, e.g. humans

Question 4

advantages of a closed circulatory system

Answer 4

blood can be pumped faster
-Nutrients can be delivered to cells quicker
-Allows organisms to be more active

Blood flow rate to different organs can be changed
-E.g. increased blood flow to leg muscles when running

Question 5

Name blood vessels

Answer 5

Arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 6

Arteries

Answer 6

Carry blood away from the heart

Question 7

What are smaller arteries called?

Answer 7

Arterioles

Question 8

Veins

Answer 8

Carry blood to heart

Question 9

What are smaller veins called?

Answer 9

venules

Question 10

Capillaries

Answer 10

tiny vessels that link arteries and veins

Question 11

blood vessels differences (lumen)

Answer 11

artery - small
Vein - large
Capillaries - tiny

Question 12

blood vessels differences (wall)

Answer 12

Artery - thick
Vein - thin
Capillary - thin (allows easy exchange of materials)

Question 13

blood vessels differences (valves)

Answer 13

artery - none
Vein - present
Capillary - none

Question 14

blood vessels differences (direction of blood flow)

Answer 14

Artery- away from heart
vein - to the heart
Capillary - links arteries and veins

Question 15

blood vessels differences (oxygenation of blood)

Answer 15

arteries - oxygenated (except pulmonary artery)

veins - deoxygenated (except pulmonary vein )

capillaries -both

Question 16

blood vessels differences (blood flow)

Answer 16

artery - rapid under high pressure

vein - slow under low pressure

capillary - slow, pressure falling (allowed time for material exchange to occur)

Question 17

blood vessels differences (pulse)

Answer 17

artery - blood flows in pulses
vein - blood flows at steady rate
capillary - no pulse

Question 18

order of relationship between blood vessels

Answer 18

Artery
Arteriole
Capillary
Venule
Vein

Question 19

material exchange is facilitated by?

Answer 19

Thin walls - rapid entry/exit of materials

Large surface area - close contact with body cells

Narrow tubes - increases pressure

Question 20

Blood flow in arteries has aided by?

Answer 20

thick, muscular layer - increases blood flow

elastic fibres - bring blood vessel back to shape

Question 21

Location of the heart

Answer 21

Thoracic cavity - between lungs, above, diaphragm

Question 22

function of the heart

Answer 22

Pump blood around the body

Question 23

structure of the heart

Answer 23

hollow, made of cardiac muscle

surrounded by pericardium (double membrane)

Question 24

atria in the heart

Answer 24

upper chambers

Pump blood to ventricles

thin walls due to short distance

Question 25

ventricles in the heart

Answer 25

Lower chambers Pump blood out of the heart Left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle

Question 26

Where is the right ventricle pump blood to?

Answer 26

lungs (shorter circuit)

Question 27

Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?

Answer 27

Around body

Question 28

Role of valves

Answer 28

Prevent backflow of blood

Question 29

Semilunar valves

Answer 29

Prevent backflow of blood to the heart

Question 30

Bicuspid valves

Answer 30

Prevents backflow of blood to left atrium

Question 31

Tricuspid valves

Answer 31

Prevent backflow of blood to right atrium

Question 32

Role of septum

Answer 32

separate heart left and right Separates oxygenated and blood

Question 33

blood flow of deoxygenated blood

Answer 33

Enters through veins (superior and inferior vena cava) exit through arteries (pulmonary artery)

Question 34

Blood flow of oxygenated blood

Answer 34

enters through veins (pulmonary vein) Exit through arteries (aorta)

Question 35

pulmonary circuit

Answer 35

Heart to lungs and back to heart

Question 36

Systematic circuit

Answer 36

heart to the body and back to heart

Question 37

Advantages of double circulation

Answer 37

separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood Blood pressure can be kept high

Question 38

Portal system

Answer 38

Pathway that begins and ends in capillaries

Question 39

Hepatic portal system

Answer 39

Connect to the stomach and intestines with liver

Question 40

Where did coronary arteries store blood to? + location

Answer 40

cardiac muscle branch from aorta just above semilunar valves

Question 41

Coronary veins

Answer 41

Jane blood from the heart wall into right atrium

Question 42

how is heartbeat made?

Answer 42

alternating contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle

Question 43

Another name for contraction in the heart

Answer 43

systole

Question 44

Another name for relaxation in the heart

Answer 44

diastole

Question 45

How is sound of heartbeat, mean?

Answer 45

Closing of heart valves

Question 46

how is heartbeat controlled?

Answer 46

Pacemaker (SA node) in right atrium

Question 47

What is the SA node do you?

Answer 47

Send electrical signal to cardiac muscle

Question 48

What happens when an SA node emits a signal?

Answer 48

Atria contract

Question 49

what is receives the signals of the SA node?

Answer 49

AV node

Question 50

What is the AV node do?

Answer 50

Send signals to ventricles

Question 51

what happens when an AV node emits a signal?

Answer 51

Send signals to ventricles, causing them to contract

Question 52

Stages of heartbeat

Answer 52

recite from notes

Question 53

Pathway of blood

Answer 53

(recite from notes)