food and nutrition p2 Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is a food allergy?
An abnormal reaction by the immune system to a specific food protein.
What causes food allergies?
The immune system mistakenly identifies a harmless food as a threat and reacts to it.
Name common food allergens.
Eggs, milk, peanuts, shellfish, soy, wheat.
What are symptoms of food allergies?
Itchy skin, rash, swelling, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, cramps.
How are food allergies treated or managed?
Avoid the allergen, read food labels carefully
What is food intolerance?
A digestive system reaction (not immune-related) where the body cannot properly digest a food.
What are symptoms of food intolerance?
Bloating, diarrhoea, stomach pain, gas, headaches.
Name examples of food intolerance.
Lactose intolerance (to milk sugar), gluten intolerance (non-coeliac sensitivity).
What is the key difference between a food allergy and a food intolerance?
Allergies involve the immune system and can be life-threatening, while intolerances involve the digestive system and are not life-threatening.
What is food poisoning?
Illness caused by eating food contaminated with harmful bacteria, viruses, or toxins.
What are symptoms of food poisoning?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, fever.
How can food poisoning be prevented?
Wash hands and surfaces, cook food thoroughly, refrigerate properly, and avoid cross-contamination.
Name three sources of food contamination.
1) Dirty hands or surfaces
2) Contaminated water
3) Spoiled or undercooked food
Name three common food-borne diseases.
1) Salmonella
2) Listeriosis
3) E. coli
What food is salmonella often found in?
Raw eggs, chicken, and unpasteurized milk.
What are symptoms of salmonella infection?
Diarrhoea, stomach cramps, fever, and vomiting.
Where is E. coli commonly found?
Undercooked meat and dirty water.
What are symptoms of E. coli infection?
Severe diarrhoea, cramps, and sometimes kidney damage.
What causes Hepatitis A?
A virus found in contaminated food or water.
How is Hepatitis A transmitted?
Through eating food or drinking water contaminated with infected human waste.
What are symptoms of Hepatitis A?
Fever, nausea, loss of appetite, tiredness, and yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice).
What causes Tuberculosis (TB)?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.
How is TB spread?
Through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes
What are symptoms of TB?
Persistent cough, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.
