Foot and Ankle

Question 1

Supination of the foot in the open kinetic chain results as a combination of…

Answer 1

plantar flexion, adduction and inversion

Question 2

Identify the related lower-leg motions that are associated with closed kinetic chain pronation.

Answer 2

In the closed chain, pronation is associated with medial tibial rotation, knee flexion, hip flexion and hip medial rotation.

Question 3

Dorsiflexion-plantar flexion motion occurs at which joint(s)?

Answer 3

Talocrural joint?

Question 4

T/F: In plantar flexion, the fibula moves inferiorly and rotates medially.

Answer 4

TRUE

Question 5

The ratio of rearfoot motion in the normal foot is (% inversion/eversion)

Answer 5

2/3 inversion and 1/3 eversion

Question 6

Describe two problems associated with pes cavus

Answer 6

This is a rigid foot with limited stress-absorption abilities, to it is susceptible to stress fractures. It also does not pronate when it should, further reducing stress-absorption capabilities so forces are transmitted up the leg. It can lead to fallen arches, hammertoes, or claw toes; corns; stress fractures; and other overuse injuries.

Question 7

T/F: Hallux valgus is commonly associated with flat feet.

Answer 7

TRUE

Question 8

T/F: The more rigid the foot orthotic, the less room there is for error in construction.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

If the heel counter and medial heel are collapsed to the medial side, the patient does which of the following: excessively supinates, excessively pronates, does not spend any time on the calcaneus, does not spend any time on the forefoot, none of the above.

Answer 9

Excessively pronates

Question 10

Identify 3 characteristics of a good volleyball shoe.

Answer 10

No elevation in the heel, durable outsole, good medial-lateral stability, and sufficient traction. Lightweight and flexible. May also contain medial -lateral straps, a gum-rubber sole, and medial toe leather guard.

Question 11

T/F: The way a shoe is laced has little impact on the support the shoe can provide.

Answer 11

FALSE

Question 12

a normal capsular pattern indicating reduced capsular mobility in the ankle is …

Answer 12

more loss of motion in plantar flexion than dorsiflexion and more limited inverion than eversion.

Question 13

T/F: To gain range of motion in dorsiflexion, a posterior or AP mobiliation technique of the talus on the tibia is indicated.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

The resting position for the talocrural joint is (degree & direction)

Answer 14

10 degree plantar flexion

Question 15

T/F: A sprain of the tibiofibular ligament can be a more difficult injury to deal with than a sprain of the same degree to the anterior talofibular ligament.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

T/F: A compaint of a snapping tendon along the lateral ankle during walking is common in patients with peroneal tendon dislocations.

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

T/F: Exacerbation of Achilles tendon pain should be expected with strenthening exercises.

Answer 17

FALSE

Question 18

T/F: Retrocalcaneal bursitis can often be mistaken for Achilles tendinitis.

Answer 18

TRUE

Question 19

T/F: Patients with either high arches or excessive pronation can experience plantar fasciitis.

Answer 19

TRUE

Question 20

The function of pronation during gait is to do which of the following: provide a rigid lever for propulsion; provide a mobile adapter for uneven surfaces; provide stress dissipation; a and b; b and c; all of the above.

Answer 20

B and C

Question 21

Which of the following are compensations for forefoot varus: pronation; supination; rearfoot eversion; rearfoot inversion; a and c, b and d.

Answer 21

A and C

Question 22

T/F: Pronation is multiplanar motion involving dorsiflexion, adduction and inversion.

Answer 22

FALSE

Question 23

The subtalar joint is formed by the articulation of what two bones?

Answer 23

Talus and Calcaneus

Question 24

What motions occur at the subtalar joint?

Answer 24

Inversion and eversion

Question 25

Describe what Feiss’ line is and its significance

Answer 25

It is a line drawn from the timp of the medial malleolus to the first metatarsal head. This line should cross over the navicular tubercle in a non-weight-bearing position. In weight bearing, the navicular tubercle should be at the line or slightly below.

Question 26

How is subtalar neutral position determined?

Answer 26

Subtalar neutral is present when the talus is equally palpable from its medial and lateral aspect within the subtalar joint. Alignment of the subtalar bones is optimal.

Question 27

Which of the following are problems commonly associated with pes cavus? Hermmertoes; stress fractures; corns; all of the above; a and c only.

Answer 27

All of the above

Question 28

List 3 types of orthotics and give an example of the use of each.

Answer 28

Rigid: exact fit for control; Semi-rigid: athletic activities; Soft: Accomodative for rigid feet

Question 29

What component of the shoe provides rearfoot stability?

Answer 29

Heel counter

Question 30

Which of the following components should be recommended for an athlete with pes planus? Curve last; straight last; firm heel counter; a and c; b and c

Answer 30

A and C

Question 31

Describe the importance of a sprain of the tibiofibular ligament.

Answer 31

Allows the mortise to spread apart, which causes continued stress and inflammatory process to this region.

Question 32

What is the effect of tightness in the Achilles tendon?

Answer 32

Increase pronation during stance phase

Question 33

What is the source of medial tibial stress syndrome pain?

Answer 33

Stress reaction and inflammation of the periosteal and musculotendinous fascial junction along wht middle to distal third of the leg.