Forcible Entry (IFSTA) Flashcards
1
Q
Refers to the techniques used to gain access into a compartment, structure, facility, or site when the normal means of entry is locked or blocked
A
Forcible entry
2
Q
Do not use forcible entry when ___
A
Normal means of access are available
3
Q
Forcible entry techniques do ___ and provide ___
A
- Minimal damage to the structure or structural components
- Quick access to the emergency
4
Q
Factors that determine where to force entry
A
- Tactics that must be fulfilled
- Stage of the fire
- Effort required to force entry
- Location of the fire or hazard
- Effect on ventilation
5
Q
Wait for what before forcing entry?
A
Being ordered to do so
6
Q
Any entry into a structure is a form of ___
A
Ventilation
7
Q
What to remember to do before forcible entry
A
Try before you pry
8
Q
Lock box info may be stored in ___
A
Building pre-incident plans and/or CAD data
9
Q
CAD
A
Computer-aided dispatch
10
Q
General considerations for forcible entry
A
- Doors and locks - construction, direction of opening, type of frame, type of lock, and mounting of the lock
- Proper tools
- Security barriers
11
Q
Four basic categories of forcible entry tools
A
- Cutting tools
- Prying tools
- Pushing/pulling tools
- Striking tools
12
Q
Cutting tools are often specific to the ___
A
Types of materials they can cut and how fast they can cut them
13
Q
Using a cutting tool on materials for which it was not designed can ___
A
Damage the tool and endanger the operator
14
Q
Most common types of cutting tools used by firefighters
A
Axes
15
Q
Two basic types of axes
A
- Pick-head axe
- Flat-head axe
16
Q
Smaller axes and hatchets may be used in salvage and overhaul operations, but they are usually too ___ for effective use in forcible entry operations
A
Lightweight and inefficient
17
Q
Pick-head axes are available with either a ___ head
A
6 or 8 lb
18
Q
Versatile forcible entry tool that can be used for cutting, prying, and digging
A
Pick-head axe
19
Q
The axe head is made of ___
A
Hardened steel
20
Q
Axe handles are made of ___
A
Wood or fiberglass
21
Q
The pick-head axe is often used in ___
A
Structural firefighting operations
22
Q
The pick-head axe is very effective for chopping through ___
A
- Wooden structural components
- Shingles
- Aluminum siding
- Other roof coverings
- Other natural and lightweight materials
23
Q
The pick end of the axe can be used to ___
A
Penetrate materials that the blade of the axe cannot cut easily
24
Q
The side of the pick-head axe can also be used as ___
A
A striking tool to break windows or as a prying tool to force some doors
25
The flat-head axe is the same as the pick-head axe in size, design, and construction, except that ___
A flat striking face replaces the pick end
26
Unlike the pick-head axe, the striking face of a flat-head axe can be used to ___
Strike another tool
27
The flat head axe is used in ___
Both structural and ground cover fire fighting operations
28
Used to cut through heavy-duty locks, metal-clad doors, window security bars and grilles, and similar items
Metal cutting devices
29
Metal cutting devices include ___
1. Bolt cutters
2. Cutting torches
3. Manual or powered rebar cutters
30
Manual bolt cutters are less effective than they once were because they ___
Cannot cut modern high-security chains
31
Do not use bolt cutters to cut ___
Case-hardened materials found in locks and other security devices, or energized cables
32
When using bolt cutters, always wear ___
Faceshields and eye protection
33
Common cutting torches used
1. Oxyacetylene cutting torches
2. Oxy-gasoline cutting torches
3. Burning bars
4. Plasma cutters
34
A ___ must be in place during cutting operations with a cutting torch
Charged hoseline
35
Do not use cutting torches in or near a ___
Flammable or explosive environment
36
Advantage and disadvantage of manual rebar cutters
Can be used in areas beyond the reach of the hydraulic supply hose, but requires more energy to use
37
Handsaws may be useful when ___
Power saws are not available or the work space is limited
38
Most common handsaws in use
1. Hacksaws
2. Drywall saws
3. Keyhole saws
39
Most common power saws in the fire service
1. Circular saws
2. Rotary saws
3. Reciprocating saw
4. Chain saw
40
When operating any power saw, always use ___
Eye, hearing, and hand protection
41
Never use a power saw in ___
A flammable atmosphere
42
This saw is especially useful in situations where electrical power is readily available, and heavier and bulkier power saws are too difficult to handle. Battery powered versions are also available.
Circular saw
43
Rotary saws used the fire service are usually ___-powered with ___ available for cutting wood, metal, and masonry
1. Gasoline-powered
2. Changeable blades
44
When using a rotary saw to cut metal, have a ___
Charged hoseline or portable fire extinguisher nearby
45
Rotary saw blades may spin at more than ___
6000 rpms
46
Rotary saw blades with ___ teeth are superior to standard blades, because ___
1. Carbide-tipped
2. They are less prone to dulling after heavy use
47
This saw has a short, straight blade that moves in and out with an action similar to that of a handsaw
Reciprocating saw
48
A reciprocating saw equipped with a metal-cutting blade is ideal for cutting ___
Sheet metal body panels and structural components of vehicles as well as metal doors and wall panels in structures
49
Chainsaws are commonly used for ___
Forcible entry, ventilation, rescue, and overhaul operations
50
Cutting chain types for chain saws
1. Wood
2. Concrete
3. Stone
4. Brick
51
Chainsaws should be equipped with ___ for safety as well as ___ for better saw control
1. Kickback protection and chain brakes
2. Carbide-tipped chains and depth gauges
52
Prying tools are useful for ___
1. Opening doors
2. Opening locks
3. Opening windows
4. Moving heavy objects
53
Prybars and other manually operated prying tools use the principle of the ___ to provide mechanical advantage
Lever and fulcrum
54
Force applied to the prying tools handle is multiplied at the working end based upon ___
The distance between the fulcrum and the working end
55
The longer the handle of the prying tool, the greater the ___
Force produced at the working end
56
Most common manual prying tools in the fire service
1. Crowbar
2. Pry (pinch) bar
3. Claw tool
4. Pry axe
5. Rambar
6. Halligan tool
7. Hux bar
8. Kelly tool
9. Flat bar (nail puller)
57
Most manual pry tools are constructed from ___
Single-piece high-carbon steel
58
Has a sliding weight on the shaft that is used to drive the wedge or fork into an opening
Rambar
59
Some prying tools can also be used very effectively as ___, although most cannot
Striking tools
60
Hydraulic prying tools receive their power from ___
Hydraulic fluid pumped through special high-pressure hoses
61
Can exert force either to spread something apart or pull heavy objects
Hydraulic spreaders
62
In forcible entry, place hydraulic rams inside a doorframe and use the rams to ___
Spread the frame far enough apart for the door to swing open
63
The hydraulic door opener usually cause the ___ to fail
Locking mechanism or door
64
___ tools have limited use in forcible entry, but in certain circumstances, such as breaking glass and opening walls or ceilings, they are the tools of choice
Pushing and pulling tools
65
Pushing/pulling tools
1. Pike pole
2. Plaster hook
3. San Francisco hook
4. Roofman's hook
5. New York Roof Hook
6. Clemens hook
7. Drywall hook
8. Multipurpose hook
9. Rubbish hook
66
Pike poles and hooks give firefighter's a ___ advantage
Reach
67
Has two knifelike wings that depress as the head is driven through a ceiling or other obstruction and reopen or spread outward under the pressure of self-contained springs
Plaster hook
68
Use pike poles and hooks only for ___, never ___
1. Pushing and pulling
2. Prying
69
What is the hook that can be used for more than pushing and pulling?
All-metal roofman's hook
70
If a lever is needed, select the ___
Appropriate prying tool
71
Handles of pike poles are made of ___
Wood or fiberglass
72
A very basic hand tool consists of a weighted head attached to a handle
Striking tool
73
Common striking tools
1. Sledge hammer (8, 10, and 16 lbs)
2. Maul
3. Battering ram
4. Pick
5. Flat-head axe
6. Mallet
7. Hammer
8. Punch
9. Chisel
74
Poorly maintained striking surfaces may cause ___
Metal chips or splinters to fly into the air
75
PPE when using striking tools
Proper eye protection in addition to the helmet faceshield
76
___ will help determine which tools will be required to force entry into a particular building or through a particular door, window, or all in that building
Preincident surveys
77
Improper use of power and hand tools can result in ___
1. Strains
2. Sprains
3. Fractures
4. Abrasions
5. Lacerations
78
When tools are not in use, they should be kept in ___
Properly designated places on the apparatus
79
If a job cannot be completed with a particular prying tool, do not ___; instead ___
1. Strike the handle of the tool
2. Use a larger tool
80
If not in a scabbard, carry the axe with ___
The blade away from the body
81
When carrying a pick-head axe, ___
Grasp the pick with a hand to cover it
82
Never carry an axe ___
On the shoulder
83
Carry prying tools ___
With any pointed or sharp edges away from the body
84
How to carry combinations of tools
Strap them together
85
Carry pike poles and hooks ___ when outside a structure
With the head down, close to the ground, and ahead of the body
86
When entering a building with pike poles and hooks ___
Carefully reposition the tool are carry it with the head upright close to the body to facilitate prompt use
87
Pike poles and hooks are especially dangerous because they are ___
Somewhat unwieldly and can severely injure anyone accidentally jabbed with the working end of the tool
88
When carrying striking tools, ___
Keep the heads of these tools close to the ground. Maintain a firm grip
89
Never carry a power tool that is operating more than ___
10'
90
Carry a power saw with the blade ___
Forward and toward the ground
91
How to care for wooden handles
1. Inspect for cracks, blisters, or splinters
2. Sand the handle to eliminate splinters
3. Wash with mild detergent, rinsing, and wiping dry
4. Apply a coat of boiled linseed oil
5. Check the tightness of the tool head
6. Limit the surface area used for tool marking
92
After applying linseed oil to wooden handles, ___
Use detergent and water to hand wash the oil-coated rags used to clean wooden handles. Lay flat until completely dry. After dry dispose of the cleaning materials
93
How to care for fiberglass handles
1. Wash with mild detergent, rinse, and wipe dry
2. Check for damage or cracks
3. Check the tightness of the tool head
94
How to care for the cutting edge of an axe
1. Inspect the edge for chips, cracks, or spurs
2. Replace the head when required
3. Filing the cutting edge by hand
4. Sharpen the blade as per dept SOPs
95
Never apply paint to the cutting surface of an axe head; this may cause ___
The cutting surface to stick
96
Protection of plated surfaces comes from ___
Chromium or an electro-plating process that applies another metal
97
How to care for plated surfaces
Clean or wash using mild detergent and water, rinse, and wipe dry
98
What oil works best for unprotected metal surfaces
Light machine oil
99
Do not use a grinder to sharpen the blade edge because it may cause ___
A loss of temper through overheating
100
Avoid using any metal protectant that contains ___, because ___
1. 1-1-1-trichloroethane
2. This chemical may damage and weaken the handle
101
Do not apply oil on the ___ surface of tools
Striking
102
Do not paint metal surfaces, because ___
Paint hides defects
103
Methods to open a door
1. The normal fashion
2. Look for a lock box
3. Look for a door window or side light panel that can be broken to open the lock from the inside
4. Force the lock
5. Remove the hinge pins
6. Force the door
7. Pry the door from the jam
104
During forcible entry, it is critical to maintain control of the ___
Door
105
If the door will be damaged to the point that it cannot be closed, ___
Take steps to deal with subsequent changes in fire behavior
106
Where to cut fencing
Stand beside the fence post and cut where it joins the post
107
Cut barbed wire fences with ___
Bolt cutters
108
Cut chain-link fences with a ___
Rotary saw
109
Wire will recoil in the direction of ___ on the fence when it is cut
The next post
110
___ can be used to bridge masonry and ornamental fences
A-frame ladders
111
Gates to residential complexes may be forced open by ___
Prying the gate open or by using the apparatus bumper to force the gate
112
Fence gates are often secured by ___
Padlocks or chains
113
Gates used to secure patios, swimming pools, or backyards will usually have ___. They are best accessed using ___
1. Internal key-operated deadbolt locks
2. Through-the-lock and rim lock techniques
114
Prying or cutting the gate should be the last method chosen because of ___
The amount of damage that will be done to the gate and fence
115
Four basic types of locks
1. Mortise lock
2. Cylindrical lock
3. Rim lock
4. High security locks
116
Mortise latch and lock assemblies are mounted ___
In a cavity in the door edge
117
Mortise locks are used on ___
Exterior wood and metal doors
118
When the mortise latch and lock assembly is in the locked position, ___
The bolt protrudes from the lock into a receiver that is in the jam
119
Most common type of lockset found in residential applications
Cylindrical locks
120
The installation of cylindrical locks involves ___
Boring two holes at right angles to one another
121
Two type of cylindrical locks
1. Key-in-knob lock
2. Tubular deadbolt lock
122
Because of the ___, key-in-knob locks are some of the easiest to pry open
Relatively short length of the latch
123
The latch bolt in a key-in-knob is usually no longer than ___
3/4"
124
Single cylinder vs double action cylinder in a tubular deadbolt lock
1. Single has a keyway on the outside and a thumb turn knob on the inside
2. Double has a keyway on both sides of the door
125
The easiest way to breach modern deadbolts in a wood residential door is to ___
Force the door itself
126
A rim lock is mounted ___ and is used as a ___
1. On the interior door surface
2. Supplemental lock for doors that may or may not have other types of locks
127
Why can is be difficult to recognize the presence of a rim lock?
Some have a keyway in a cylinder on the exterior, but not all do
128
Types of rim locks
1. Night latch
2. Deadbolt
3. Vertical deadbolt
129
This rim lock has a spring-loaded bolt with a beveled edge facing the doorframe, allowing the door to lock when it is closed
Night latch
130
This rim lock has a rectangular bolt that you must manually retract before the door can be closed and the bolt engaged with the receiver. If this bolt is extended the door cannot be closed
Deadbolt
131
This rim lock has a bolt that slides vertically into the receiver and does not cross the door opening and makes it impossible to open by spreading the door from the doorjamb
Vertical deadbolt
132
Types of high security locks
1. Multiple bolt locks
2. Electronic keyless locks
3. Electromagnetic locks
133
A deadbolt lock that, when engaged, projects bolts 1" into two or more points on one edge of the door. Some versions extend hardened steel bolts into all four edges of a door frame
Multiple bolt locks
134
Keyless or digital locks may have a ___
Keypad, card reader, or fingerprint-activated screen
135
Electronic keyless locks are generally ___ powered
Battery
136
Consists of an electromagnet attached to the doorframe and an armature plate mounted on the door
Electromagnetic locks
137
How to release a door with an electromagnetic lock
Shut off the power
138
Portable or detachable locking devices
Padlocks
139
Two basic types of padlocks
1. Standard
2. Heavy-duty
140
Standard padlocks have ___
Shackles of 1/4" or less in diameter and are not case-hardened steel
141
Heavy-duty padlocks have ___
Case-hardened steel shackles more than 1/4" in diameter
142
Many heavy-duty padlocks have what is called ___
Toe and heel locking
143
Both ends of the shackle are locked when depressed into the lock mechanism on a padlock
Toe and heel locking
144
To remove a toe and heel locking padlock ___
Cut both sides of the shackle
145
Types of locking devices
1. Padlock
2. Door chain
3. Door limiter
4. Surface bolt
5. Internal-mounted bolt
146
Impede entry, but are not locks in the traditional sense
Locking devices
147
With the exception of the ___, the locking devices may be easy to force depending the tool that you use
Drop bar and the internally mounted bolts
148
Forcible entry creates a ___ in a structure and changes the ___ of hot fire gases
1. Ventilation opening
2. Flow path
149
Before forcing entry, personnel should be prepared to ___
Enter a structure to conduct SAR or interior fire attack
150
The longer the time period between forcing an opening or breaking glass and the beginning of interior fire attack or SAR, the more time the fire has to ___
Entrain new oxygen and grow
151
A door may not ___ once it is forces
Close properly
152
If a forced door won't close or stay closed, a firefighter should be assigned to ___
Monitor the door to control the flow path and keep the door closed unless coordinated tactics require it to be open
153
One of the fastest and least destructive techniques for forcing locked doors is to ___
Break the glass in the door or the sidelight next to it
154
Ordinary window glass will shatter into ___ when broken
Sharp fragments
155
Safety measures when breaking glass
1. Full PPE, especially hand and eye protection
2. Wear SCBA
3. Charged hoseline in place
156
Most common type of door is one that swings ___
At least 90° to open and close
157
Most swinging doors have hinges mounted ___; others swing on ___
1. On one side that permit them to swing in one or both directions
2. Pivot pins at the top and bottom of the door
158
Double-acting swinging doors are capable of swinging ___
180°
159
An easy way to recognize which way a door swings is to ___
Look for the hinges
160
If you can see the hinges of the door, it swings ___
Towards you
161
If you cannot see the hinges of the door, it swings ___
Away from you
162
Two techniques for forcible entry of a single inward-swinging door
1. One firefighter with a rambar
2. Two firefighters with a Halligan and striking tool
163
If the single inward-swinging door is in a metal frame set in a concrete or masonry wall, you may need to use ___
A hydraulic door opener
164
A hydraulic door opening is often called a ___
Rabbit tool
165
If the metal door resists being pried open, it is necessary to ___
Cut around the lock
166
Two ways to cut around the lock
1. Use a rotary saw with a metal cutting blade to make two intersecting cuts that isolate the lock mechanism and allow the door to swing
2. Use three cuts to get the same result
167
Because the hinges on outward-swinging doors are mounted on the outside, it is often possible to ___ to gain access
Use a nail set and hammer to drive the pins out of the hinges and simply remove the door
168
If the hinge bottoms are solid and the pins cannot be driven out, it may be possible to ___
Break off the hinges with a rambar or Halligan, or cut the hinges with a rotary saw or cutting torch. May also insert the blade of a rambar or halligan into the space between the door and the doorjamb and pry that space open wide enough to allow the lock bolt to slip form its keeper
169
If only a mortise lock secures a double-swinging door ___
You can insert the blade of a rambar or wedge of a Halligan between the doors to pry them far enough apart for the bolt to slip past the receiver
170
If a double door has a security molding or weather strip over the space between the doors, ___
Remove this molding or cut away a section to allow the blade of the forcible entry tool to be inserted
171
Methods to try to force entry if the swinging door is equipped with a drop bar
1. Use a rambar or Halligan to spread the space between the double doors. Insert a handsaw or other narrow tool and lift the bar up and out of the stirrups
2. Use a rotary saw to cut the exposed bolt heads that are holding the stirrups on the outside of the door
3. Insert a rotary saw blade between the double doors and cut the security bar
172
Tempered glass resists ___
Heat
173
When broken, tempered glass ___
Shatters into thousands of tiny cubelike peices
174
Breaking tempered glass doors should be a ___
Last resort
175
Guidelines for breaking a tempered plate glass door
1. Use the pick end of a pick-head axe and strike the glass at a bottom corner
2. Wear complete PPE including helmet-mounted faceshield or goggles
3. Place a salvage cover against the glass and strike through the cover to shatter the glass
4. Scrape any remaining glass from the frame
176
If you want to avoid breaking the glass, you can also use the ___ to open tempered plate glass doors
Through-the-lock
177
Forcible entry techniques for a sliding glass door
1. Breaking the glass with an axe
2. Lifting the sliding panel up and out of its track
178
Attempting to spread a sliding glass door from its frame will result in ___
The door shattering uncontrollably
179
You can force pocket doors using the ___
Same techniques used to force a swinging door
180
If the padlock is on the inside of a door, there is usually a ___
Second means of entry into the structure
181
Forcible entry techniques for a door secured with a padlock include ___
1. Cutting off the padlock
2. Using a rotary saw to make an opening near the lock
3. Cutting out a section of the door
182
The through-the-lock forcible entry requires a ___
Good size up of both the door and the lock mechanism
183
Firefighters can use the through-the-lock entry method if the door does not ___
Open with conventional forcible entry methods
184
On a door that the lock cylinder can be unscrewed from the door, the second step is to ___
Insert a key tool to open the lock in the same method as inserting a key
185
The key tool is usually ___
Flat steel with a bend on the cam end and a flat screwdriver shaped blade on the other
186
___ doors often have locks that can be unscrewed because ___
1. Storefront
2. It makes it easier for locksmiths to rekey the locks when occupancy changes
187
Special tools for forcible entry
1. K-tool
2. J-tool
3. A-tool
4. Shove knife
188
V-blade tool useful in pulling lock cylinders
K-tool
189
Forced behind the cylinder's ring and face until the wedging blades bit into the cylinder. A metal loop on the front provides a slot to insert one end of a prying tool. A firefighter then strikes the top of the prying tool to set the tool. Once set, use the prying tool to pull on the tool and the lock cylinder from the door
K-tool
190
Clearance needed between the lock cylinder and the jamb to use the K-tool
1/2"
191
Once the cylinder is removed with the K-tool, ___
Insert a key tool into the hole to move the locking bolt to the open position
192
A prying tool with a sharp notch with cutting edges machined into it
A-tool
193
The A-tool can often accomplish the same job as the K-tool, but it can ___
Cause slightly more damage to the door
194
The A-tool was developed to force entry on mocks manufactured with ___
Collars or protective cone shaped covers over them to help prevent the lock cylinder from being unscrewed
195
The A-tool is designed to ___
Cut behind the protective collar of a lock cylinder and maintain the hold so that the lock cylinder can be pried out
196
The curved head and long handle of the A-tool are used to ___
Provide the leverage for pulling the cylinder
197
The chisel head on the A-tool is used to ___
Gouge out the wood around the cylinder for a better bite on the working head when necessary
198
Use the A-tool when pulling ___
Protected deadbolt lock cylinders and collared or tubular locks
199
A device made of rigid, heavy gauge wire designed to fit through the space between the double-swinging doors equipped with panic hardware
J-tool
200
How is the J-tool used?
Inserted between the doors far enough to allow the tool to be rotated 90° in either direction. Then the tool is pulled until it makes contact with the panic hardware. Another sharp pull should operate the panic hardware and allow the door to open
201
Flat steel tool, resembling a wide-bladed putty knife with a notch cut in one edge of the blade, can provide firefighters rapid access to outward swinging latch-type doors
Shove knife
202
When used properly, the blade of the shove knife ___
Depresses the latch
203
Tools to make forcible entry through padlocks easier
1. Duck-billed lock breaker
2. Hammerhead pick
3. Locking pliers and chain
4. Hockey puck lock breaker (Pipe wrench)
204
Wedge-shaped tool that will widen and break the shackles of padlocks, much like using the hook of a Halligan-type tool
Duck-billed lock breaker
205
How to use the duck-billed lock breaker
Insert the tool into the lock shackle and strike the tool with a maul or flat-head axe until the padlock shackles break
206
Has a pick on one end of the tool head and a hammerhead or striking surface on the other
Hammerhead pick
207
How to use the hammerhead pick
Insert the pick into the padlock shackles and strike the tool with a maul or flat-head axe until the padlock shackles break
208
How to use locking pliers and chain
Lock the locking pliers firmly onto the body of the padlock. To keep the padlock stable, hold onto the chain. To cut both shackles, another firefighter uses a power saw or torch
209
How to use hockey puck lock breaker
Adjust the pipe wrench to grip the hockey puck firmly. Apply downward pressure to the end of the wrench's handle to twist the lock and break its interior mechanism
210
If the techniques to break the padlock fail, ___
Break the hasp or detach it from the doorframe
211
___ may be the quickest method to remove some padlocks
Using a rotary saw with a metal-cutting blade or a cutting torch
212
When forcing overhead doors, use ___
A rotary saw to cut a square or rectangular opening about 6' high and nearly the full width of the door. Once you have access to the interior, use the lift mechanism to open the door fully
213
Use ___ to prevent overhead doors from closing unintentionally
Cribbing or shoring blocks
214
Attach a ___ to the overhead door rail above head height to keep the door from closing
Pair of vice grips
215
Block all overhead doors in the ___ position to prevent injury if the built-in control device fails
Up or open
216
Movable assemblies designed to cover doorway openings in rated separation walls to prevent the spread of fire from one part of a building to another
Fire doors
217
Types of standard fire doors
1. Sliding
2. Swinging
3. Overhead rolling
218
Exterior fire doors are usually found where ___
A structure must be protected form an adjacent exposure
219
Because fire doors only operate when there is a fire, they will not ___
Lock in place when closed
220
When passing through fire doors, ___
Block the door open to prevent it from closing and blocking a means of egress or cutting off the hoseline water supplies
221
Use caution when propping a fire door open because it ___
Also changes the flow path
222
Most common technique to force entry through a window
Break the glass
223
When using a pike pole to break a window, ___
Position yourself upwind and higher than the window so that falling glass will not slide down the handle towards you
224
How to remove wire glass from its flame?
Use a sharp tool, such as the pick of an axe to chop wire glass out of its frame
225
Where safety film is present, ___ may be required to break the windows
Cutting tools rather than striking tools
226
Multipane windows are time-consuming to remove because ___
The glass is held in place by a rubber cement that makes shard removal difficult
227
How to force fixed windows
Break them
228
Forcible entry techniques for double-hung windows depends on ___
How the window is locked and the material of which the sash frames is made
229
To force open a single-casement window ___
Break the lowest pane of glass, clear the shards from the frame, and reach in and unlock the locking mechanism, operate the crank, and remove the screen
230
The technique used to force open a horizontal sliding window is ___
The same as for a sliding door
231
How to force entry through awning windows
Break the glass or pry the window up from the frame
232
How to force entry though jalousie windows
Remove the glass, or cut through the wall around the entire window and remove it
233
Forcing entry through projecting windows may be limited to ___
Breaking the glass or cuttin the window panel out of the frame
234
In situations where doors and windows are inaccessible or heavily secured, it may be faster and more efficient to gain access through ___
The structure's walls
235
Creating a hole in a wall
Breaching
236
Breaching load-bearing exterior walls in a fire-weakened structure could cause ___
A partial or total collapse
237
Walls can conceal ___
1. Electrical wires
2. Gas pipes
3. Water pipes
4. Components of the building utilities
238
How far apart are studs?
16", 20", and 24"
239
The traditional approach to breaching a masonry wall
Battering ram
240
Best for breaching brick and concrete walls
Power tools such as rotary saws with masonry blades or pneumatic or electric jackhammers
241
A battering ram is best suited for ___
Opening a small hole in a wall through which water can be applied to a fire on the other side of the wall
242
If tools aren't available to breach a masonry wall, a ___ can be used to attack a fire on the other side
Penetrating nozzle
243
When breaching masonry with hand tools, striking ___ is most efficient
The middle of the wall
244
Fastest and most efficient method to breach a poured concrete wall
Chainsaw equipped with a diamond-tipped chain, or a pneumatic jackhammer if the saw in not available
245
A hole cut into metal walls for entry should be what size?
At least 6' tall and as wide as needed
