Formative Histology

Question 1

where do you find the nuclei in skeletal muscles? [1]

is skeletal muscle uni or multicellular? [1]

Answer 1

where do you find the nuclei in skeletal muscles? [1]
pushed to the periphery

is skeletal muscle uni or multicellular? [1]
multicellular

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

where do you find in the nuceli in cardiac muscle? [1]

what makes cardiac muscles unique? [1]

Answer 4

where do you find in the nuceli in cardiac muscle? [1]
centrally located

what makes cardiac muscles unique? [1]
intercalated discs

Question 5

when do you find skeletal muscle that has centrally located nuclei? [1]

Answer 5

when do you find skeletal muscle that has centrally located nuclei? [1]
when then muscle if regenerated after damage

Question 6

Answer 6

Question 7

what is a sarcomere? [1]

which lines does it lie between? [1]

Answer 7

what is a sarcomere? [1]
functional unit of muscle

which lines does it lie between? [1]
z disk to z disk

Question 9

what is the Z line in sarcomere? [1]

what does it look like? [1]

Answer 9

what is the Z line in sarcomere? [1]
where the actin thin filament inserts: creates a dark band

what does it look like? [1]
dark line surroundered around pale section

Question 10

what is the A band in sarcomere? [1]

what is the I band in sarcomere? [1]

what is the H zone in sarcomere? [1]

what is the M line? [1]
describe h

Answer 10

what is the A band in sarcomere? [1]
myosin filament - thick filament. some overlap with actin present

what is the M line? [1]
holds the myosin filament in place in sarcomere. no actin present

what is the I band in sarcomere? [1]
actin filament - thin filament

becomes darker on EM when the thick and thin overlap !

Question 11

Answer 11

Question 12

Answer 12

Question 13

Answer 13

A: myosin & actin overlap
B: actin only
C: sarcomere
D: myosin only
E: I band

Question 14

what is A & B?

what is the role of B [1]

Answer 14

A: mitochondria
B: t tubule

what is the role of B [1]​
They allow transmission of the action potential, with its attendant ion shifts, to all parts of the cell, which allows rapid activation of the entire cell

Question 15

Answer 15

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

describe transition from muscle –> bone [3]

Answer 17

muscle; myotendon intersection; enthesis (bone insertion point); bone

Question 18

what does this slide show?

what is M and T? [2]

Answer 18

myotendinous insertion:

M: muscle

T: tendon

Question 19

where type of collagen is tendon? [1]

name for fibroblasts in tendons? [1]

Answer 19

where type of collagen is tendon? [1]
type 1 collagen

name for fibroblasts in tendons? [1]
tenocytes

Question 21

what is the enthesis? [1]

Answer 21

what is the enthesis? [1]
bone / tendon insertion: tendon to fibrocartilage to calficified fibrocartilage

Question 22

Answer 22

Question 23

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

A & B?

Answer 25

A: **osteoclasts** B: **osteoblasts**

Question 27

why can you get an estimate of bone marrow by undertaking a bone biopsy? [1]

Answer 27

_why can you get an estimate of bone marrow by undertaking a bone biopsy? [1]_ **as we age, get a transition from red bone marrow --\> yellow bone marrow (adipocytes)**

Question 28

what structural characterisitc of woven bone makes it softer than non-woven bone? [1]

Answer 28

what structural characterisitc of woven bone makes it softer than non-woven bone? [1] **collagen fibres are not arranged in lamellar (layers)**

Question 29

what is A?

Answer 29

A = secondary ossification centre

Question 30

how does hyaline cartilage structure change superficial, middle and deep, for bone developemnt - **collagen orientation - proteoglycan content - chondrocyte morphology**

Answer 30

Question 31

at the epiphyseal growth plate:

Answer 31

Question 32

At L3? Bifurcation of the aorta Coeliac trunk leaves the aorta Inferior mesenteric artery leaves the aorta Renal artery leaves the aorta

Answer 32

At L3? Bifurcation of the aorta Coeliac trunk leaves the aorta **Inferior mesenteric artery leaves the aorta** Renal artery leaves the aorta