:O Flashcards
sternoclavicular joint:
what type of joint?
what is present for shock absorption?
what type of movements occur?
joint type: synovial, saddle joint
shock absoption: articular disc
movements: around 60 degrees when elevate scapula
movements of the shoulder include a combination of movements from which joints [4]?
SAGS:
- sternoclavicular joint
- acromiclavicular joint
- glenohumeral joint
- scapulothrocic joint
what are two prominent features of the glenohumeral joint?
glenoid cavity accomodates approx/ 1/3 of the humeral head: means that should can have wider range of movement
inferior joint capusule is lax. allows elevate above head. but means is much weaker than superior portion
what is the shallow glenoid fossa deepened by? [2]
-glenoid labrum (fibrocart. ring that surrounds articular surface). helps deepen the socket and support the joint
- long head of the biceps - attaches to superior aspect of labrum
what movements does scapulotharacic joint permit of shoulder?
movements: [3]
* *- elevation & depression**
- protraction & retraction
- rotation - important in abduction
what is the scapula-humeral rthym?
First 30 degrees of shoulder elevation involves a “setting phase”:
- the movement is largely glenohumeral.
- scapulothoracic movement is small and inconsistent.
And after the first 30 degrees of shoulder elevation:
- The glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints move simultaneously.
- Overall 2:1 ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement.
(e.g. when the arm is abducted 180 degrees, 60 degrees by rotation of the scapula & 120 degrees occurs by rotation of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint)
trapezius - where found?
where does it run? [3]
what are the three different fibre parts? [3] what movements do they cause [3]
trapezius
runs from occipital bone to bottom of thoracic vertebral. attaches to spine of scapula and clavicle
three parts
- descending fibres / suprior fibres = elevate (shrug shoulders)
- middle fibres = retract scapula
- ascending / inferior fibres = depress scapula
muscle actions of:
supraspinatus muscle:?
infraspinatus muscle:?
teres minor:?
subscapularis muscle?
muscle actions of:
supraspinatus muscle: first 10 degrees of abduction
infraspinatus muscle: external rotation
teres minor: external rotation
subscapularis muscle: internal rotation
rotator cuff muscles:
which muscles attach to greater tubercle?
which muscles attach to lesser tubercle?
- *greater tubercle:**
- teres minor
- supraspinatus muscle
- infraspinatus muscle:
- *lesser tubercle**
- subscapularis
what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint? [2] what type of movement does this allow?
which bone is it a connection between? [1]
what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint? [2]
- synovial [1]; plane joint [1]
- gliding movement [1]
what is a connection between? [1]
- acromonion of scapula
- clavicle
trapezius - where found?
where does it run? [3]
what are the three different fibre parts? [3] what movements do they cause [3]
trapezius
runs from occipital bone to bottom of thoracic vertebral. attaches to spine of scapula and clavicle
three parts
- descending fibres / suprior fibres = elevate (shrug shoulders)
- middle fibres = retract scapula
- ascending / inferior fibres = depress scapula
- *1. latissimus dorsi muscle**
2. teres major
runs where to where?
movements? [3]
1. latissimus dorsi muscle
runs from lower thoracic vertebra onto the lumbar vertebra & iliac crest. runs from iliac crest to anterior aspect of the humerus
movements:
- extend, adduct and medially rotate the shoulder
2. teres major:
runs from:
- inferior angle of scapula to anterior aspect of humerus
movements:
- extend, adduct and medially rotate the shoulder
where do the the rhomboids and levator scapulae run from?
which movements do they cause?
rhomboids
medial aspect of scapula to upper thoracic vertebra. muscle fibres cause retraction of scapula
- *levator scapulae:**
- neck to superior aspect of scapular
- elevates scapula
serratus anterior
where?
movements?
nerve?
originates from medial border of the scapula, wraps around thorax to insert on the ribs
- protraction of scapula when throwing a punch boxers muscle !
nerve: long thoracic nerve -> is superficial to the muscle which means can get damaged easily !
pectoralis major and minor:
where do they run?
movements?
innervation?
pectoralis major:
most superficial: runs from humerus to medial aspect of clavicle, sternum and ribs
two heads: clavicular head & sternocostal head
movment: adduct, flex and medial rotates the shoulder (hugging muscle!)
- *pectoralis minor:**
- corocoid process to upper ribs
- not much movement - stabilises the stable joint
both innervated by pectoral nerves
which muscle initates condcucts the first 10 degrees of abduction?
supraspinatus
what are the three muscles found in anterior compartment of upper arm? what do they do?where do they run to?
biceps brachii - two heads:
i) one from corocoid process, distally to elbow (short head)
ii) superior border of glenoid fossa, superiorly to elbow
flex shoulder
- *coracobrachialis**: corocoid process to humerus
- flex shoulder
brachialis: mid shaft of humerus to elbow
muscles of the arm:
anterior compartment is innervated by?
posterior compartment is innervated by?
muscles of the arm:
anterior compartment is innervated by musculocutaneous nerve = flexion
posterior compartment is innervated by radial nerve = extension
which is the main muscle of posterior compartment of upper arm?
- what movement does it cause to shoulder?
- what are the three different heads?
posteior compartment extends the shoulder
triceps brachii:
three heads:
- *-medial head & lateral head:** humerus to elbow (olecranon process)
- *-long head**: inferior head of glenoid fossa - olecranon. this is the main one that causes extension of should
nerve roots for brachial plexus?
C5-T1
describe overview of whole structure of brachial plexus
roots: C5, C6, C7, C8 & T1
trunks:
C5 & C6 join together: superior
C7 continues solo: middle
C8 & T1 join together: inferior
Divisions:
Anterior
Posterior
- *Cords (**named regarding position to axillary artery):
- lateral (top)
- posterior
- medial (bottom)
- *Branches:**
- *-** top = Muscular cutaneous
- axillary
- median
- radial
- ulnar nerve
reach to brink cold beer !!
